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Child Psychopathology Environmental causes Family factors Working with children Reading for today: Chapter 2 Biological approaches: What is going on in this picture? • • • • Evoked Response Potentials (ERP’s) Polygraphs HR BP Differentiation of emotions Excitement Positive emotions Negative Emotions surprise interest joy anger sad pain Emotional regulation in children • What is emotional regulation? • Is emotional regulation a “normal” developmental goal? • Why is it important that children learn to regulate their emotions? • What are the biological and environmental influences in ER? • What problems may emerge for children who do not learn ER? Child temperament and ER • Temperament = tendency to behave in certain ways • Influenced by ER and how environment responds to a child • Three primary temperament dimensions: – Positive affect and approach (Easy) – fearful or inhibited (Slow-to-warm-up) – Negative affect or irritability (Difficult) • Response to child’s emotions shapes this Behavioral and cognitive approaches • Applied behavioral analysis (ABC’s) involves an operant approach (e.g., fighting is reinforced by parents) • Classical conditioning (CR’s, CS’s) approaches (e.g., fighting whenever intoxicated) • Social learning, modeling (fighting because of television violence) Social learning, cognitive mediators, and observational learning • Cognitive structures and content make up a child’s schema, which is a guideline that affects expectations and information processing from the environment • Cognitive deficts and distortions are present in various childhood disorders (e.g. ADHD) • Social information processing: How do children adapt to unfamiliar situations (e.g., frosh week) Interpersonal processes in psychopathology: Attachment theory • Early interactions with caregivers gives rise to expectations about self and other • Later personality, self-reliance, and success in relationships affected by early attachments • Interpersonal problems contribute to child psychopathology • Evolutionary theory • Table 2.2 from text links three attachment styles to specific outcomes Family and society • • • • What is the family context of a child? The broader social context is also important Bronfenbrenner’s model Figure 2.6 of text Group activity: Using this model, describe exactly how poverty may have a negative impact on child development and psychopathology You are conducting an assessment of this girl. What do you want to know about her? Working With Children • Children like to draw pictures • Children like to please and agree with you, so you need to emphasize “any answer”is okay • Children have less power than adults • Children do not always understand the meaning of adult behavior • Children’s relationships are less stable, but seem very important to them