Download When did the Civil War begin?

Pictures Tell the Story
People and Events of
The U.S. Civil War
STILL IN BONDAGE
When did the Civil War begin?
•The first guns were fired
on April 12, 1861.
•South Carolina opened fire
on a U.S. fort in Charleston
harbor.
•After Fort Sumter fell,
President Lincoln called for
75,000 troops to put down
the rebellion.
•The Civil War had begun.
Facts and Strategy
North
• President: Abraham
Lincoln
• Capital: Washington, D.C.
• 2.1 million soldiers
• 24 states
• Strategy: bring southern
states back to the Union
– Anaconda Plan:
squeeze southern
economy like a giant
snake smothering its
prey
•
•
•
•
•
South
President: Jefferson
Davis
Capital: Richmond
900,000 soldiers
11 states
Strategy: make north
tired of war and get
independence
– Get support from
Great Britain to help
supply South
How did the conflict over slavery
increase tensions between the
North and the South?
Whitehall Street Auction and
Slave Sales
•Voices in North declare slavery barbaric
•South sees antislavery movement as threat
to economy
•Novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, adds to tension
•Abolitionist, John Brown, attempts to start a
slave revolt
•Lincoln, foe to slavery, elected President
•A total of 11 Southern states secede.
OTHER NAMES FOR THE US
CIVIL WAR
•War of Secession
•War Between the States
•War Between Brothers
•The Boys’ War
•War of Northern Aggression
•Families were divided
•Friends found themselves facing
each other on the battlefield
•Four of Lincoln’s brothers-in-law
served the Confederate cause
Strengths and Weaknesses
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
North
More soldiers
More factories
Good leader in Lincoln
Lots of railroads
Soldiers well supplied
Men were less
experienced in fighting
Few good generals
•
•
•
•
•
South
Home field advantage
Best generals
Soldiers ready to defend
homes and families
Few railroads and
industry
Hard time supplying
food, clothing, shoes,
and weapons
• Depended on Great
Britain for supplies
MAJOR DIFFERENCES!!!
INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY
FARMING
SUPER FAST
GROWTH!
LITTLE MANUFACTURING!
THE PRESIDENTS
JEFFERSON DAVIS
ABRAHAM
LINCOLN
General Ulysses S. Grant
General Robert E. Lee
A FEW GENERALS
CUSTER
SHERMAN
STUART
JACKSON
Soldiers
North
South
• Poor farmers,
• Farmers and poor
immigrants, and
white men
African Americans
• Long gray shirts, light
• Uniforms – dark blue
blue plants, and gray
jackets and light blue
jackets
pants
THE UNIFORMS
BLUE UNIFORMS
WITH SOME RED
GREY UNIFORMS WITH
SOME YELLOW
Soldiers
• Spent hours drilling, marching, training, and
learning to obey orders
• Battles were scary and confusing – smoky from
guns and cannons so soldiers couldn't see each
other
• Men marched in rows elbow to elbow while
bullets and shells tore into attackers ripping off
arms, legs, and heads; men stumbled over
bodies
• Used bayonets in close contact
• New rifles and cannons were more accurate and
deadlier
NEW WEAPONS
BALLOONS (for spying on the enemy),
THE GATLING MACHINE GUN, AND
HAND GRENADES
FIRST SUCCESSFUL
SUBMARINE: CSS HUNLEY
TRENCH WARFARE
WEAPONS: THE ARTILLERY
AND WHEN YOU ARE TOO POOR TO
HAVE ARTILLERY -- YOU USE
‘QUAKER GUNS’
WEAPONS: SMALL ARMS
BRITISH MADE
ENFIELD
INFANTRY
SWORD
UNION
SPRINGFIELD
WITH BAYONET
THE WAR AT SEA
THE ANACONDA PLAN
LINCOLN’S PLAN TO DIVIDE &
BLOCKADE THE SOUTH
UNION IRONCLADS SURVIVE
THE CONFEDERATE GUNS
OF VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI.
THE FIRST ‘IRONCLADS’:
THE MONITOR AND THE
MERRIMAC.THE WAR
AT SEA
TORPEDO (MINE) USED TO DESTROY SHIPS
TRANSPORTATION
Camp Life
• Food: usually rotten
– Ate salted beef and pork that was tough
– Ate hardtack (dry biscuits) that had worms and
weevils
• Diseases: Most dangerous killer of the war
– Typhoid fever and dysentery (severe diarrhea!!)
– Twice as many men died from disease than battle
– People didn't understand infection – surgeons
operated in dirty tents, didn't wash hands or tool
– Doctors usually used basic tools with little
anesthetic
Camp Life
• Camp: filled with trash, rats, flies, dirty water,
and disease
– Bathrooms were open ditches near tents
– Rotting food, animal manure, and dead animals
piled up and seeped into ground and streams
polluting the water soldiers drank
– Men didn't bathe and hardly changed clothes
causing body lice
– Soldiers would pass the time playing cards or games
CAMP LIFE
HOSPITALS
CIVIL WAR AMBULANCES
CIVIL WAR CRUTCHES
John L. Burns became
famous for using his shot gun
to help fight the rebels in the
battle of Gettysburg.
DEATH!
DESTRUCTION!
Johnny Clem, age 9
Ran away from home
to join the U.S. Army
MANY DRUMMERS WERE YOUNG
BOYS -- THEY WOULD BE SENT TO
THE REAR TO HELP CARRY BODIES
LATER ON.
Were women allowed to serve
during the Civil War?
Women in doorway of office of U.S. Christian
Commission, Washington, D.C.
•Only men could enlist as soldiers.
•Women had to disguise as men in order to serve.
•An estimated 400 women fought in the war disguised as
men.
•Other women used various disguises and risked their
lives to spy for the cause.
•18,200 women were employed in Union hospitals as
matrons, nurses laundresses, and cooks.
•The Confederates employed 3,300 women in similar
roles.
Rose O’Neal Greenhow, Confederate spy, was
imprisoned in Washington’s Old Capitol building.
CLARA
BARTON
WORKED
AS A
NURSE
DURING
THE CIVIL
WAR AND
FOUNDED
THE RED
CROSS!
EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION
• JANUARY 1ST 1863
• GAVE THE UNION A NEW CAUSE TO
FIGHT FOR
• THE NORTH WAS FIGHTING TO
PRESERVE THE UNION AND FREE
THE SLAVES!
• THE ABOLTIONISTS WERE HAPPY!
PART OF THE FAMOUS ALL BLACK 54TH
MASSACHUSETTS (The movie GLORY)
GETTYSBURG & VICKSBURG
• GETTYSBURG WAS
THE SECOND AND
FINAL SOUTHERN
INVASION OF THE
NORTH. GENERAL
LEE WAS DEFEATED
WITH 28,000 DEAD,
WOUNDED, & MIA.
• JULY 1ST, 2ND, AND
3RD 1863.
• VICKSBURG WAS
THE LAST
SOUTHERN FORT ON
THE MISSISSIPPI
RIVER. THE SOUTH
WAS SPLIT IN
HALF!!!
• Both victories were
celebrated on July 4th,
1863.
The Gettysburg Address is
considered one of the greatest
speeches of all time.
What did people think of the
speech when it was delivered on
November 19, 1863?
According to History….
• The speech is only two minutes long.
Someone in the crowd asked, “Is that all?”
• A few newspapers described the speech as
“silly,” “dull,” and “commonplace.”
• Most of the newspapers at the time liked
the speech.
• The featured speaker, Edward Everett, said
President Lincoln accomplished in two
minutes what Everett tried to accomplish in
two hours.
How many were killed during the
United States Civil War?
Dead soldiers in a wheatfield, Gettysburg, PA
•One out of every five soldiers was killed in battle or
died in camp.
•There were more Americans killed in the Civil War
than in World War I or World War II combined.
•At least 600,000 lives were lost.
The North lost 360,000 lives!
The South lost 260,000 lives!
110,070 from wounds
94,000 from wounds
249,458 from disease
164,000 from disease
6 million total male
population
1.5 million total male
population
6% died
18% died
Soldiers’ Cemetery, Alexandria, VA
ANDERSONVILLE PRISON
NEARLY 13,000
YANKEES DIED
OF DISEASE,
STARVATION,
OVER CROWDING,
AND EXPOSURE
TO THE
ELEMENTS
(WEATHER).
ANDERSONVILLE PRISON
•April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to
Grant. The war is over.
•Five days later, on April 14,
1865, President Lincoln is
assassinated.
•Known as the Great
Emancipator, Lincoln is the last
great casualty of the war.
What were the results
of the Civil War?
•Tragic loss of life
•Paid economic price,
especially the South
•Bitterness between North & South
•Changed the way of waging war
•End of Slavery
•Preservation of the Union
“With malice towards none; with charity for
all; with firmness in the right as God gives us
to see the right, let us strive on to finish the
work we are in; to bind up the nation’s
wounds; to care for him who shall have borne
the battle and for his widow, and his orphan to do all which may achieve and cherish a just
and lasting peace among ourselves, and with
all nations.”
Abraham Lincoln
March 4, 1865
The End