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Civil War Study Guide
Important Events and Facts
Ft. Sumter: the 1st shots of the Civil War fired here; Union surrendered the fort
to Confederates.
Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln’s announcement that all slaves were free
immediately.
13th Amendment: officially outlawed slavery in the U.S.
14th Amendment: granted slaves U.S. citizenship and rights.
15th Amendment: granted African American men the right to vote.
The Battle of Gettysburg: Southern casualties were so severe that they would
never again launch an attack in the North; considered a turning point in the war.
Gettysburg Address: Lincoln’s speech to honor the soldiers who fought and died
at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Sherman’s “march to the sea”: his troops destroyed everything in their path to
force the South to surrender; marched from Atlanta to Savannah.
Lincoln’s Assassination: happened at Ford’s Theater during a play.
Ironclads: new type of naval weapon used during the Civil War.
Minie Balls: bullets that were more accurate than musket balls and caused many
more casualties (deaths and injuries) during the War.
Civil War battles: mostly fought in the South.
Strengths of the South: stronger leadership from the generals.
Strengths of the North: more factories and industry (guns, bullets, supplies,
etc.), more developed transportation (railroads, etc.), more ships and shipyards,
Strong President who believed in the cause of the War, larger population.
Northern Strategy (Anaconda Plan): 1) blockade the Southern coast 2) Capture
the South’s capitol, Richmond, VA 3) control the Mississippi R.
West Virginia statehood: the only territory to become a state during the Civil
War.
Border States: Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Delaware were slave states
who remained in the Union.
Substitutes: wealthy citizens could pay to have other citizens take their place in
the War. “Rich man’s war; poor man’s fight.”
The South’s Surrender: Richmond had fallen to the North. Grant began chasing
Lee. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, VA. Grant let
Southern soldiers keep their supplies and head home.
Andersonville: Confederate prison camp where thousands of Northern soldiers
died from illness and disease.
Southern Inflation: caused by the Confederacy printing money without anything
to back it, like gold or silver.
“King Cotton”: name Southern leaders gave cotton because it was so important
throughout the world.
Battle of Antietam: the “bloodiest” day in American history.
Battle of Vicksburg: finally gave the North control of the Mississippi R.;
considered a turning point in the war along with Gettysburg.
Important Figures
Abraham Lincoln: President of the Union. His main concern during the beginning
of the Civil War was preserving the Union (keeping the U.S. together).
Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy.
Robert E. Lee: a general and leader of the Confederate (South) Army. He was
from Virginia. Lincoln offered him a generalship in the Union Army, but he
turned it down.
Ulysses S. Grant: a general and leader of the Union (North) Army.
John Wilkes Booth: shot and killed Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater.
Women in the War: Women played 3 key roles in the War. 1) They were spies 2)
they took over the farms and plantations 3) they worked in factories and offices.
The 54th Massachusetts Regiment: one of the 1st African-American regiments to
fight for the North.
General William Sherman: Northern general who tore up the South on his “march
to the sea.”
Stonewall Jackson: Southern general who was accidentally shot by his own men
at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
George Pickett: led charge of Southern soldiers into Northern lines at Gettysburg
which resulted in the deaths of thousands of Confederate soldiers.
David Farragut: Northern Naval officer who captured New Orleans.
Civil War Troops: most soldiers were farmers before the War; because of their
lack of experience most of their time in the War was spent on training and
drilling; more soldiers died from illness and disease than in battles.
Also, be able to answer questions from a map showing various battles
and troop locations (similar to the map on pages 478-479).
Also, be able to read a chart comparing the strengths and weaknesses
of the North and South.