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Civil War Study Guide Ch. 2
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Terms to Know
1. blockade - shutting off of an area by troops or ships to keep people & supplies from moving in or out
2. Winfield Scott – general who planned the 3 part strategy known as the Anaconda Plan
3. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson - Confederate general who led the Confederate army to victory in
several battles early in Civil War
4. Robert E. Lee - Commander of the Confederate forces in Civil War
5. Emancipation Proclamation - statement issued by President Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863, freeing all
slaves in Confederate states still at war with the union
6. Ulysses S. Grant - 18th President; Commander of Union forces during Civil War
7. Battle of Vicksburg - union victory over Confederate forces in 1863 at Vicksburg, MS that gave the
Union control of the Mississippi River
8. total war - method of warfare that involves civilians as targets and is designed to destroy the
opposing army and the people’s will to fight
9. Andrew Johnson - 17th President after Lincoln’s assassination
10. The Atlanta Campaign (not called this in the book) Sherman’s plan to conquer and
destroy Atlanta using total war
11. Sherman’s March to the Sea the Union soldiers under General Sherman, walked 300 miles in a
60 mile wide path and destroyed everything in their path
12. Appomattox Court House the site of Lee’s surrender; ending the civil war
13. Thirteenth Amendment - abolished slavery in 1865
14. black codes - laws that denied African Americans many civil rights
15. Freedman’s Bureau - federal agency set up in 1865 to provide food, schools, & medical care to
freed slaves in the South
16. Fourteenth Amendment - ratified in 1868 that gave African Americans citizenship & equal
protection under the law
17. Fifteenth Amendment - ratified in 1870 that gave male citizens of all races the right to vote
18. Jim Crow Laws - laws passed in the South after Reconstruction enforcing the segregation of blacks &
whites
19. sharecropping - system of farming in which farmers rent land & pay the landowner with a share of
the crops they raise
Build Understanding
1. What were the North’s strategies as they entered the war? The South’s?
North-Anaconda plan
South-planned to fight and thought that the north would quickly wear out;
planned on assistance from Britain
2. Describe the early Civil War battles.
First Battle of Bull Run-first major battle in the war-Confederacy victory
Battle of Antietam-1862, important victory for Union
3. How did military technology change the way that war was fought?
allowed them to kill/wound more enemies because the weapons were more
accurate
4. Describe what fighting was like for the Northerner’s. The Southerner’s.
Supplies were short, and soldiers had to eat food they disliked; they had to walk
long distances and often wore out their shoes; they were exposed to harsh
weather conditions; they suffered and died from disease
5. What were the roles of African Americans in the war?
they fought in war;
6. How did women contribute to the war?
took over their husbands jobs; became soldiers, spies, nurses, or made clothing
and sent food
7. Describe the Battle of Gettysburg. Why is the Battle of Gettysburg one of the
most important battles of the war?
it was the farthest north that the Confederates had advanced; it was a major
battle with over 50,000 casualties; major win for the north
8. What were Lincoln’s goals as expressed in the Gettysburg Address?
to honor the soldiers who died and to preserve the union; he believed that a
united nation and the end of slavery are worth fighting for
9. Describe the effects of the war on the North.
not much difference
10. Describe the effects of the war on the South.
the south was a mess, lots of destruction; anger; life for African Americans had
not changed much
11. Describe what happened to President Lincoln in April, 1865.
he was assassinated
12. Describe Reconstruction. What was Andrew Johnson’s plan for
Reconstruction? Why didn’t congress like his plan?
rebuilding; Johnson’s plan was to rebuild the country by admitting the former
Confederate states back into the union; they would have to form a new state
government and they were allowed to pass black codes
13. What is an amendment to the Constitution?
a change to the constitution