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Download THE CIVIL WAR 05_06 Pt I
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Transcript
THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 • Union vs Confederacy Union Leaders Abraham Lincoln •President of the US during the Civil War •Insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary. Ulysses Grant •Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed. Frederick Douglass He urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army. th 54 Massachusetts Regiment • The first black unit in the Union Army to see military action. • Suicide Mission Confederate Leaders Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America Robert E. Lee •General of Confederate Army •Opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Union Advantages Population of North and South South North 0 5 10 15 Millions 20 25 •Larger Population –More troops Factories in North and South South North 0 20 40 60 Thousands 80 100 120 •More factories –More supplies (guns, railroads,weapons) –More money Confederate Advantages •Military Colleges in South –Better Generals & Soldiers •Fighting for “freedom” (stronger will to win) Battles and Their Results Fort Sumter (April 1861) •Charleston Harbor (SC) •Opening confrontation of the Civil War Bull Run (Manassas, July 1861) • Demonstrated that war would not end quickly • Southern victory Antietam / Sharpsburg (Sept 1862) •This Union victory led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. •Bloodiest battle of war Gettysburg (July 1863) Union victory and turning point of the war. Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery here and gave the famous “Gettysburg Address.” Sherman’s march to the sea (Summer 1864) • Gen. Sherman led a march through the South • He burned every city and farm he passed through • Wanted to cripple the Southern economy April 2, 1865 • Richmond falls to Union General Grant Appomattox Court House (April 1865) • Lee surrenders to Grant • Lee urged southerners to accept defeat • Officially ended war End of Civil War Economic cost • Over $20 billion spent • 2/3rd of the wealth of the South destroyed Economic and Social Impact of War Northern economy grew 50% • Industries increased production to create material for war • North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies Northern economy grew 50% • Set the stage for the emergence of the US as a global power by the beginning of the 20th century. • Completion of the transcontinental railroad intensified the westward movement of settlers into the states between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean South left embittered and devastated by war. • Farms, railroads, factories destroyed • Agricultural labor system destroyed • Many freedmen (former slaves) migrated north and west • Disorganized society South left embittered and devastated by war. • Shortage of food, shelter and jobs • Richmond and Atlanta in ruins • Will remain a backward, agriculture-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades Political Results • Established power of Republican Party • Strengthened concept of “union” • North dominated government • Led to emergence of powerful Democratic Party in South (the “Solid South”)
