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Civil War Study Guide Important Events and Facts Ft. Sumter: the 1st shots of the Civil War fired here; Union surrendered the fort to Confederates. Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln’s announcement that all slaves were free immediately. 13th Amendment: officially outlawed slavery in the U.S. 14th Amendment: granted slaves U.S. citizenship and rights. 15th Amendment: granted African American men the right to vote. The Battle of Gettysburg: Southern casualties were so severe that they would never again launch an attack in the North; considered a turning point in the war. Gettysburg Address: Lincoln’s speech to honor the soldiers who fought and died at the Battle of Gettysburg. Sherman’s “march to the sea”: his troops destroyed everything in their path to force the South to surrender; marched from Atlanta to Savannah. Lincoln’s Assassination: happened at Ford’s Theater during a play. Ironclads: new type of naval weapon used during the Civil War. Minie Balls: bullets that were more accurate than musket balls and caused many more casualties (deaths and injuries) during the War. Civil War battles: mostly fought in the South. Strengths of the South: stronger leadership from the generals. Strengths of the North: more factories and industry (guns, bullets, supplies, etc.), more developed transportation (railroads, etc.), more ships and shipyards, Strong President who believed in the cause of the War, larger population. Northern Strategy (Anaconda Plan): 1) blockade the Southern coast 2) Capture the South’s capitol, Richmond, VA 3) control the Mississippi R. West Virginia statehood: the only territory to become a state during the Civil War. Border States: Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Delaware were slave states who remained in the Union. Substitutes: wealthy citizens could pay to have other citizens take their place in the War. “Rich man’s war; poor man’s fight.” The South’s Surrender: Richmond had fallen to the North. Grant began chasing Lee. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, VA. Grant let Southern soldiers keep their supplies and head home. Andersonville: Confederate prison camp where thousands of Northern soldiers died from illness and disease. Southern Inflation: caused by the Confederacy printing money without anything to back it, like gold or silver. “King Cotton”: name Southern leaders gave cotton because it was so important throughout the world. Battle of Antietam: the “bloodiest” day in American history. Battle of Vicksburg: finally gave the North control of the Mississippi R.; considered a turning point in the war along with Gettysburg. Important Figures Abraham Lincoln: President of the Union. His main concern during the beginning of the Civil War was preserving the Union (keeping the U.S. together). Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy. Robert E. Lee: a general and leader of the Confederate (South) Army. He was from Virginia. Lincoln offered him a generalship in the Union Army, but he turned it down. Ulysses S. Grant: a general and leader of the Union (North) Army. John Wilkes Booth: shot and killed Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater. Women in the War: Women played 3 key roles in the War. 1) They were spies 2) they took over the farms and plantations 3) they worked in factories and offices. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment: one of the 1st African-American regiments to fight for the North. General William Sherman: Northern general who tore up the South on his “march to the sea.” Stonewall Jackson: Southern general who was accidentally shot by his own men at the Battle of Chancellorsville. George Pickett: led charge of Southern soldiers into Northern lines at Gettysburg which resulted in the deaths of thousands of Confederate soldiers. David Farragut: Northern Naval officer who captured New Orleans. Civil War Troops: most soldiers were farmers before the War; because of their lack of experience most of their time in the War was spent on training and drilling; more soldiers died from illness and disease than in battles. Also, be able to answer questions from a map showing various battles and troop locations (similar to the map on pages 478-479). Also, be able to read a chart comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South.