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Pictures Tell the Story People and Events of The U.S. Civil War STILL IN BONDAGE When did the Civil War begin? •The first guns were fired on April 12, 1861. •South Carolina opened fire on a U.S. fort in Charleston harbor. •After Fort Sumter fell, President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion. •The Civil War had begun. Facts and Strategy North • President: Abraham Lincoln • Capital: Washington, D.C. • 2.1 million soldiers • 24 states • Strategy: bring southern states back to the Union – Anaconda Plan: squeeze southern economy like a giant snake smothering its prey • • • • • South President: Jefferson Davis Capital: Richmond 900,000 soldiers 11 states Strategy: make north tired of war and get independence – Get support from Great Britain to help supply South How did the conflict over slavery increase tensions between the North and the South? Whitehall Street Auction and Slave Sales •Voices in North declare slavery barbaric •South sees antislavery movement as threat to economy •Novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, adds to tension •Abolitionist, John Brown, attempts to start a slave revolt •Lincoln, foe to slavery, elected President •A total of 11 Southern states secede. OTHER NAMES FOR THE US CIVIL WAR •War of Secession •War Between the States •War Between Brothers •The Boys’ War •War of Northern Aggression •Families were divided •Friends found themselves facing each other on the battlefield •Four of Lincoln’s brothers-in-law served the Confederate cause Strengths and Weaknesses • • • • • • • North More soldiers More factories Good leader in Lincoln Lots of railroads Soldiers well supplied Men were less experienced in fighting Few good generals • • • • • South Home field advantage Best generals Soldiers ready to defend homes and families Few railroads and industry Hard time supplying food, clothing, shoes, and weapons • Depended on Great Britain for supplies MAJOR DIFFERENCES!!! INDUSTRY INDUSTRY FARMING SUPER FAST GROWTH! LITTLE MANUFACTURING! THE PRESIDENTS JEFFERSON DAVIS ABRAHAM LINCOLN General Ulysses S. Grant General Robert E. Lee A FEW GENERALS CUSTER SHERMAN STUART JACKSON Soldiers North South • Poor farmers, • Farmers and poor immigrants, and white men African Americans • Long gray shirts, light • Uniforms – dark blue blue plants, and gray jackets and light blue jackets pants THE UNIFORMS BLUE UNIFORMS WITH SOME RED GREY UNIFORMS WITH SOME YELLOW Soldiers • Spent hours drilling, marching, training, and learning to obey orders • Battles were scary and confusing – smoky from guns and cannons so soldiers couldn't see each other • Men marched in rows elbow to elbow while bullets and shells tore into attackers ripping off arms, legs, and heads; men stumbled over bodies • Used bayonets in close contact • New rifles and cannons were more accurate and deadlier NEW WEAPONS BALLOONS (for spying on the enemy), THE GATLING MACHINE GUN, AND HAND GRENADES FIRST SUCCESSFUL SUBMARINE: CSS HUNLEY TRENCH WARFARE WEAPONS: THE ARTILLERY AND WHEN YOU ARE TOO POOR TO HAVE ARTILLERY -- YOU USE ‘QUAKER GUNS’ WEAPONS: SMALL ARMS BRITISH MADE ENFIELD INFANTRY SWORD UNION SPRINGFIELD WITH BAYONET THE WAR AT SEA THE ANACONDA PLAN LINCOLN’S PLAN TO DIVIDE & BLOCKADE THE SOUTH UNION IRONCLADS SURVIVE THE CONFEDERATE GUNS OF VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI. THE FIRST ‘IRONCLADS’: THE MONITOR AND THE MERRIMAC.THE WAR AT SEA TORPEDO (MINE) USED TO DESTROY SHIPS TRANSPORTATION Camp Life • Food: usually rotten – Ate salted beef and pork that was tough – Ate hardtack (dry biscuits) that had worms and weevils • Diseases: Most dangerous killer of the war – Typhoid fever and dysentery (severe diarrhea!!) – Twice as many men died from disease than battle – People didn't understand infection – surgeons operated in dirty tents, didn't wash hands or tool – Doctors usually used basic tools with little anesthetic Camp Life • Camp: filled with trash, rats, flies, dirty water, and disease – Bathrooms were open ditches near tents – Rotting food, animal manure, and dead animals piled up and seeped into ground and streams polluting the water soldiers drank – Men didn't bathe and hardly changed clothes causing body lice – Soldiers would pass the time playing cards or games CAMP LIFE HOSPITALS CIVIL WAR AMBULANCES CIVIL WAR CRUTCHES John L. Burns became famous for using his shot gun to help fight the rebels in the battle of Gettysburg. DEATH! DESTRUCTION! Johnny Clem, age 9 Ran away from home to join the U.S. Army MANY DRUMMERS WERE YOUNG BOYS -- THEY WOULD BE SENT TO THE REAR TO HELP CARRY BODIES LATER ON. Were women allowed to serve during the Civil War? Women in doorway of office of U.S. Christian Commission, Washington, D.C. •Only men could enlist as soldiers. •Women had to disguise as men in order to serve. •An estimated 400 women fought in the war disguised as men. •Other women used various disguises and risked their lives to spy for the cause. •18,200 women were employed in Union hospitals as matrons, nurses laundresses, and cooks. •The Confederates employed 3,300 women in similar roles. Rose O’Neal Greenhow, Confederate spy, was imprisoned in Washington’s Old Capitol building. CLARA BARTON WORKED AS A NURSE DURING THE CIVIL WAR AND FOUNDED THE RED CROSS! EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION • JANUARY 1ST 1863 • GAVE THE UNION A NEW CAUSE TO FIGHT FOR • THE NORTH WAS FIGHTING TO PRESERVE THE UNION AND FREE THE SLAVES! • THE ABOLTIONISTS WERE HAPPY! PART OF THE FAMOUS ALL BLACK 54TH MASSACHUSETTS (The movie GLORY) GETTYSBURG & VICKSBURG • GETTYSBURG WAS THE SECOND AND FINAL SOUTHERN INVASION OF THE NORTH. GENERAL LEE WAS DEFEATED WITH 28,000 DEAD, WOUNDED, & MIA. • JULY 1ST, 2ND, AND 3RD 1863. • VICKSBURG WAS THE LAST SOUTHERN FORT ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. THE SOUTH WAS SPLIT IN HALF!!! • Both victories were celebrated on July 4th, 1863. The Gettysburg Address is considered one of the greatest speeches of all time. What did people think of the speech when it was delivered on November 19, 1863? According to History…. • The speech is only two minutes long. Someone in the crowd asked, “Is that all?” • A few newspapers described the speech as “silly,” “dull,” and “commonplace.” • Most of the newspapers at the time liked the speech. • The featured speaker, Edward Everett, said President Lincoln accomplished in two minutes what Everett tried to accomplish in two hours. How many were killed during the United States Civil War? Dead soldiers in a wheatfield, Gettysburg, PA •One out of every five soldiers was killed in battle or died in camp. •There were more Americans killed in the Civil War than in World War I or World War II combined. •At least 600,000 lives were lost. The North lost 360,000 lives! The South lost 260,000 lives! 110,070 from wounds 94,000 from wounds 249,458 from disease 164,000 from disease 6 million total male population 1.5 million total male population 6% died 18% died Soldiers’ Cemetery, Alexandria, VA ANDERSONVILLE PRISON NEARLY 13,000 YANKEES DIED OF DISEASE, STARVATION, OVER CROWDING, AND EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS (WEATHER). ANDERSONVILLE PRISON •April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant. The war is over. •Five days later, on April 14, 1865, President Lincoln is assassinated. •Known as the Great Emancipator, Lincoln is the last great casualty of the war. What were the results of the Civil War? •Tragic loss of life •Paid economic price, especially the South •Bitterness between North & South •Changed the way of waging war •End of Slavery •Preservation of the Union “With malice towards none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow, and his orphan to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations.” Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1865 The End