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th 8 Grade Review Civil War The American Civil War 1861-1865 Who: American citizens What: A war between members of the same group or country When: 1861-1865 Where: The United States of America Why: Some states disagreed with the American government about the issue of slavery, and they wanted to be their own country. The Union States Also called: *The North *The Yankees Army led by: Ulysses S. Grant Political views: Did not agree with slavery Soldiers’ Uniform: Blue Confederate States Also called: *The South *The Rebels Army led by: Robert E. Lee Political views: Wanted to continue slavery Soldiers’ Uniform: Grey Important People Abraham Lincoln: The President of the United States during the time of the Civil War. He wanted to abolish, or end, slavery. Harriet Tubman: Created the “Underground Railroad” for the slaves to use to escape to the north. “The Gettysburg Address” In this immortal speech, Abraham Lincoln pays tribute to the soldiers at Gettysburg and the noble cause for which they gave their lives. The Civil War Begins Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United States. During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end. Remain United Lincoln hoped to prevent a war. “We are not enemies, but friends,” Lincoln told Southerners after taking the oath of office. “We must not be enemies.” But time was running out. South Carolina secedes Shortly after the election of Lincoln, South Carolina declared “the United States of America is hereby dissolved” and seceded from the Union. Six other states soon followed. A New Country Formed Together these seven states formed a new country. They called the new country the Confederate States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis as President. Fort Sumter President Lincoln received word that supplies were running out at Fort Sumter, located off the coast of South Carolina. If supplies did not come soon, they would have to surrender the fort to the Confederacy A Difficult Decision Lincoln had to make an important decision. He made the decision he thought would be best. He would send supplies ships to the fort. Then he waited to see what happened. Jefferson’s Response Now Jefferson Davis had to make a decision. He decided to attack the fort before the supply ships arrived. On April 12, 1861, Confederates fired on Fort Sumter. The Outcome The Civil War had began. The Long Road to a Union Victory African Regiments Not allowed to fight in the Civil War at the beginning. Formed their own regiments to fight for the Union. Congress agreed to let them enlist 186,000 enlisted Not paid as well as white soldiers Given poor equipment Threatened by the confederate Grant Leads the Union Ulysses S. Grant….a great general Educated at West Point Fought in war with Mexico Made quick decisions in battle Unconditional Surrender Grant’s Most Important Battle Vicksburg, Mississippi Surrounded and lay siege to the city. Starved the people into surrender Key Victory Gave Union control of the Mississippi River Lincoln gave Grant command of ALL Union troops! Gettysburg Pennsylvania Robert E. Lee was invading One of the most important Union victories Over 7,000 soldiers died November 19, 1863 Lincoln dedicated the cemetery. Less than 3 minutes, but became the most famous speed in history Lee Surrenders Lee’s Confederate troops Starving and clothes were rags Trapped Forced to surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 Grant’s Union troops Well-fed and well supplied Surrounded the Confederate soldiers THE WAR WAS OVER!