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Advantages & Disadvantages
in the Civil War
Adapted from:
Kyle Woodward
Old KY Home Middle School
Bardstown, KY
The Civil War
Who was involved?
#1 The Confederate States of America
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The Civil War
Who was involved?
#2 The Union (Free States & Territories)
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The Civil War
Who was involved?
#3 The Border States
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The Civil War
“I hope to have God on my side but I have to
have Kentucky” -- Abraham Lincoln
Why were the Border States so important?
• surrounded Washington D.C.,
•provided trade routes / ports (Ohio River, Baltimore)
•and the largest arsenal in St. Louis
Why were the Border States so unusual?
•Slave states that stayed with the Union
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
South
•Population:
22 million
•Population:
9 million
•4 million men of
combat age
•1.2 million men of
fighting age
•3.5 million slaves
North has the advantage in population
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
South
•Economy:
100,000 Factories
•Economy:
20,000 factories
• >70% of Railroad
lines
• < 30% of Railroad
lines
• 80% of bank deposits • 20% of bank deposits
North has the advantage in industrial power
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
•Government Strong wellestablished
government
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South
Government Weak government,
power given to
states, little power to
collect taxes
North has a stronger government, better able to direct
resources (people & products) towards the war
Thinking Question:
(Don’t write! Just think!)
Are governments ever justified in
targeting civilians (non-soldiers) in
wartime?
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
•Armed Forces:
mostly drafted soldiers with
overly cautious officers
South
•Armed Forces:
better trained soldiers &
better leadership
•More soldiers
•African Americans - 10% of
Union forces
•Strong navy
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•No real navy
North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but
South in the quality of soldiers & generals
Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
South
•Motivation: Preserve •Motivation: Preserve
the union
way of life
•Later - free the slaves
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Who has the advantage in motivation? You
decide.
Goals:
North
Anaconda Plan
South
1. Defend existing
territory
1. Blockade the South
2. Divide - Split the
Confederacy by
gaining control of the
Mississippi River
2. Gain recognition
of Confederacy as
independent nation
3. Conquer remaining parts
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Whose goals would be easier to reach?
Leaders:
Abraham Lincoln:
“A House divided against
itself cannot stand” -- A.
Lincoln
•Little political experience
(served 1 term in the House
of Representatives)
•Strong reputation for
honesty, temperance, jokes
and storytelling
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Leaders:
Jefferson Davis:
“All we ask is to be left
alone” -- J. Davis
•West Point graduate,
Colonel in MexicanAmerican war, Secretary of
war, & Senator from Miss.
•Not a popular president,
especially with big fans of
state’s rights
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Who has the
advantage in
leadership?
Northern
Commanders
George McClellan
Winfield Scott
“When in
doubt, fight”
-U.S. Grant
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Henry Wager Halleck
Ulysses S. Grant
Southern Commander
Robert E. Lee
“It is a good thing war is so terrible;
else we should grow too fond of it” - R.E. Lee
•Offered command of Union
armies prior to war.
•Only man to command the
Confederate Army.
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Who has the advantage in Commanders?
Thinking Questions:
(Don’t write: Just think!)
Is it more important to have strong
generals or strong civilian leadership in
a war?
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:
Where?
•Fort Sumter lies in the harbor of Charleston, S.C.
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:
Why?
•When Lincoln enters office, fort is
running out of food
What?
•Lincoln can either defend the fort and
risk war or abandon it and look weak in
the eyes of the South
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:
So...
•Lincoln sends unarmed vessel with food,
giving the governor of S.C. plenty of
warning
•S.C. attacks anyway and Lincoln asks
for Northern volunteers
•This attack on the Union probably helps
him keep many of the border states
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