Download Civil War - Mr. Jones @ Overton

Introduction to the Civil War
1861-1865
The regimental colors of the 19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment were
damaged in battle during the American Civil War.
The Civil War
Who was involved?
#1 The Confederate States of America
2
The Civil War
Who was involved?
#2 The Union (Free States & Territories)
3
The Civil War
Who was involved?
#3 The Border States
4
The Civil War
“I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky” -Abraham Lincoln
Why were the Border States so important?
•Important geographically
Why were the Border States so unusual?
•Slave states that stayed with the Union
5
The Civil War
How did they fight?
Total War - organisation of all
the resources (people and
products) of a country towards
the war effort
•The resources of enemy
civilians are fair targets in total
war (ex. Farms, food, etc)
6
Thinking Question:
(Don’t write! Just think!)
Are governments ever justified in targeting civilians (nonsoldiers) in wartime?
7
Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
South
•Population:
22 million
•Population:
9 million
•4 million men of combat age
•1.2 million men of fighting age
•3.5 million slaves
North has the advantage in population
8
Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
South
•Economy:
100,000 Factories
•Economy:
20,000 factories
•70,000 miles of Railroad
•9,000 miles of Railroad
•$190,000 in bank deposits
•$50,000 in bank deposits
North has the advantage in industrial power
9
Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
•Armed Forces:
mostly drafted soldiers with overly cautious
officers
South
•Armed Forces:
better trained soldiers & better leadership
•More soldiers
•African Americans - 10% of Union forces
•Strong navy
10
•No real navy
North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South in the quality
of soldiers & generals
Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
•Government Strong well-established
government
11
South
Government Weak government, most
power given to states
North has a stronger government, better able to direct resources (people &
products) towards the war
Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
South
•Motivation: Preserve the union •Motivation: Preserve way of
life
•Later - free the slaves
Who has the advantage in motivation? You decide.
12
Goals:
North
South
Anaconda Plan
1. Defend existing territory
1. Blockade the South
2. Gain recognition of Confederacy as
independent nation
2. Divide - Split the Confederacy by
gianing control of the Mississippi River
3. Conquer - remaining parts
Whose goals would be easier to reach?
13
Leaders:
Abraham Lincoln:
“A House divided against itself cannot
stand” -- A. Lincoln
•Little political experience (served 1
term in the House of Representatives)
•Strong reputation for honesty,
temperance, jokes and storytelling
14
Leaders:
Jefferson Davis:
“All we ask is to be left alone” -- J.
Davies
•West Point graduate, Colonel in
Mexican-American war, Secretary of
war, & Senator from Miss.
•Not a popular president, especially
with big fans of state’s rights
Who has the advantage in
leadership?
15
Northern Commanders
George G. Meade
Joseph Hooker
George McClellan
16
Irwin McDowell
A. E. Burnside
Northern Commanders
Ulysses S. Grant
-- “When in doubt, fight”
U.S. Grant
•Son of an Ohio tailor & drunken failure
until the Civil War
•Reputation for boldness,
resourcefulness, &persistance
17
Southern Commander
Robert E. Lee
“It is a good thing war is so terrible;
else we should grow too fond of it” - R.E. Lee
•Brilliant southern gentleman from one of
country’s oldest families
•Offered command of Union armies
•Family plantation occupied early in the war and
turned into Arlington National Cemetary
18
Who has the advantage in Commanders?
Thinking Questions:
(Don’t write: Just think!)
Is it more important to have strong generals or
strong civilian leadership in a war?
19
So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:
Where?
•Fort Sumter lies in the harbor of Charleston, S.C.
20
So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:
Why?
•When Lincoln enters office, fort is running out of food
What?
•Lincoln can either defend the fort and risk war or abandon
it and look weak in the eyes of the South
21
So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:
So...
•Lincoln sends unarmed vessel with food, giving the
governor of S.C. plenty of warning
•S.C. attacks anyway and Lincoln asks for Northern
volunteers
•This attack on the Union probably helps him keep many of
the border states
22