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VAPUSH Ch 20, 1 of 1
Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the South, 1861-1865
The North effectively brought to bear its long-term advantage of industrial might and human
resources to wage a devastating total war on the South. The war helped organize and modernize
Northern society, while the South, despite heroic efforts, was economically and socially crushed.
Lincoln’s skillful political leadership helped keep the crucial border states in the Union and
maintain Northern morale, while his effective diplomacy kept Britain and France from aiding the
Confederacy.
Questions
1. How did the Civil War change from a limited war to preserve the Union into a “total war” to
abolish slavery?
2. How did careful Union diplomacy manage the Civil War crisis with Britain and end British
flirtations with the Confederacy?
3. How did North and South each handle their economic and human-resource needs? Why were
the economic consequences of the war so different for the two sides?
4. What impact did the draft, use of black troops, and Lincoln’s suspension of civil liberties
have on the conduct of the war?
5. Some historians have called the Civil War “The Second American Revolution.” What was
revolutionary about the political, social, and economic conduct of the war?
6. When confronted with Southern secession in 1861, why didn’t Lincoln simply allow the
South to separate in peace?
7. Explain how the firing on Fort Sumter and Lincoln’s call for troops galvanized both sides for
war.
8. Identify the significance of the Border States to both North and South. How did they
influence the shaping of Union strategy?
9. Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South.
10. Compare the leadership of Lincoln and Davis during the war.
11. Describe the curtailment of civil liberties and the mobilization of military manpower.
12. Analyze the economic and social consequences of the war for both sections.
13. The war began in 1861. Why was it 1863 before Lincoln committed the Union to the
emancipation of slaves?
Terms
Elizabeth Blackwell
Clara Barton
William H. Seward
Edwin M. Stanton
Jefferson Davis
Charles Francis Adams
Napoleon III
Maximillian
Morrill Tariff Act
National Banking Act
Trent Affair
Laird rams
Draft riots
Fort Sumter