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The Union Dissolves (3.2) I. Last Attempts at Compromise a. By the time Lincoln took office in 1861, 7 states had seceded b. Crittenden Compromise i. Redraw old Missouri Compromise line west through the remaining territories ii. Lincoln rejects the plan—the Republicans were united against the spread of slavery. iii. Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union at all costs while Southerners were already excited to create a new nation II. The Fall of Fort Sumter a. Because they were a new nation, the Confederacy began to take over Union forts and arsenals in the South b. Fort Sumter was in an important port area in South Carolina. c. The Union still controlled this fort and wanted to keep control d. The fort, under the control of Major Robert Anderson, needed supplies. Lincoln sent supplies—he did not send reinforcement troops. e. Confederate general Beuregard fired on Sumter on 4/12/61. 34 hour battle. The Union surrendered f. Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops for a three month duty to end the rebellion III. Choosing Sides a. AR, NC, TN and VA seceded b. The border states (DE, KY, MD and MO) remained slave states IN the Union c. VA split into two states on account of the slave issue (birth of W. VA) d. The issue of secession was divisive: families were torn over this (ex-Crittenden’s sons) IV. Comparing North and South a. Northern Advantages i. Population—22 million ii. Economic Advantage iii. 85% of Industry iv. Railroad Lines v. The Navy remained loyal to the Union vi. 1861 = 527,000 Soldiers (2.6 million total enlistment) b. The South i. Population—9 million (3.5 million of these we slaves) ii. A Defensive War iii. Land—75,000 square miles iv. Military Leadership—ex-Robert E. Lee v. 1861 = 258,000 Soldiers (750,000 total enlistment) The First Battle of Bull Run a. Fighting at Manassas (7/21/61) i. General McDowell (Union ) vs. General Johnston (Confederacy) ii. Troops met at Manassas Junction outside of Washington iii. Northern troops retreat b. Significance of battle i. Became clear that the war was going to last longer than three months ii. Shame and defeat shocked the North V. Discussion Questions: 1. Did Lincoln do everything that he could to preserve the Union and prevent war? 2. If the Border States did not secede, and the North did not fight against them, does this suggest that the Civil War wasn’t so much about slavery?