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US History
Fort Burrows
Topic 0 – Part 5
Main Idea:
In 1864, President Lincoln had appointed Ulysses S. Grant Commander in Chief of the
Union Army. Grant said, “The art of war is simple, find out where your enemy is, get at him as
soon as you can and strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.” To Gen Ulysses S. Grant,
every problem had a solution. Under the leadership of General Ulysses S. Grant, Union armies used
their resources and manpower to defeat the Confederacy. It seemed the President had finally found
the general who could lead the Union to victory.
Vocabulary:
siege – military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to
surrender
Battle of Gettysburg – 1863 Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that left more than 50,000 soldiers
dead or wounded; Confederates never invaded the North again
Pickett’s Charge – failed Confederate charge at the Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address – 1863 speech made by President Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg
total war – all out war that affects civilizations at home as well as soldiers in combat;
Gen U.S. Grant’s idea - - Total War
Appomattox Court House – Virginia town that was the site of the Confederate
surrender on April 9, 1865
Fall of Vicksburg
≥ Vicksburg, Mississippi (MS) – a port on the Mississippi River
≥ July 4, 1863, Independence Day for Gen U.S. Grant;
Confederate troops surrendered Vicksburg
≥ July 9, 1863, the Union captured Port Hudson, MS
≥ # 1 – Complete control of the ‘Mighty Mississip’
≥ # 2 – Confederacy was split into two parts;
Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana on the West
and the remainder of the Confederacy to the East
Union Victory at Gettysburg
≥ General Lee had his ideas; he moved his troops NORTH into Pennsylvania, (PA) hoping to
surprise the Yankees and capture Washington, D.C. - - Yankee Capital
≥ Battle of Gettysburg, 3-days that turned out to be the most important of the
Civil War - - Turning Point
*** TAKS 8.8 B ¿¿ Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the war ?
Confederate forces lost their ‘chance’ to invade the North
Gettysburg Address
≥ November 19, 1863 a ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery in memory of the soldiers that
died at the Battle of Gettysburg
≥ President Lincoln gave a speech known as the Gettysburg Address
≥ In his speech, Lincoln said the Civil War would test if a democratic nation could survive; he also
reminded Americans that their nation was founded on beliefs that “all men are created equal”
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US History
Fort Burrows
Gettysburg Address
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived
in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and
so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can
never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished
work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here
dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion
that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth.”
Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863
≥ Lincoln’s entire speech was only ten sentences long and took three minutes to
deliver
*** TAKS 8.8 C ¿¿ What principles of government does Lincoln describe in the
Gettysburg Address ?
Lincoln’s speech reflected }4{ ideals of
1. ______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
Lincoln is Reelected for 2nd Term
≥ Democrats nominated Gen George McClellan (remember him at Bull Run ?)
≥ The vote was close, but Lincoln was reelected, ZERO votes from Texas
≥ In his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln looked forward to peace:
“With malice toward none, with clarity for all…let us strive…to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do
all which may achieve a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”
Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865
Civil War Ends – South Starts Coming HOME !!!
≥ April 2, 1865, Grant captured Richmond
≥ Lee escaped with a few men to a small southern town named
Appomattox Court House, Virginia;
but was trapped so, Lee surrendered the Confederacy to the Union
≥ Grant offered generous terms of surrender:
1 – Soldiers must turn over their rifles, officers could keep their pistols
2 – Soldiers that rode in on a horse, could keep his horse
(Grant knew the men would need animals for spring-time planting )
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US History
Fort Burrows
3 – Each man would return to his state and not be disturbed by the
United States authorities
≥ As the Confederates surrendered, Union soldiers began to cheer
≥ Grant ordered them to be silent,
He Said, “The war is over, the rebels are our countrymen again”
*** TAKS 8.8 B ¿¿ What were the terms of surrender at Appomattox Court House ?
1 – _________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2 – _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ __________
3 – _________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
1. After his reelection, what hopes did Lincoln have for the Union ?
“___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________”
2. Why was the Civil War a major turning point in American history ?
1. the balance of power changed
2. ‘these’ United States changed to ‘the’ United States
3. the idea that a state might secede, was dead forever
4. the power of the Federal Government grew
5. put an end to slavery in the United States
3. What 3 things does this chart tell you about American Wars ?
Name of Conflict
Civil War
Mexican War
War of 1812
American Revolution
Estimated Number of US Soldiers Involved
3,713,000
78,718
282,730
217,000
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________
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