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US History Fort Burrows Topic 0 – Part 5 Main Idea: In 1864, President Lincoln had appointed Ulysses S. Grant Commander in Chief of the Union Army. Grant said, “The art of war is simple, find out where your enemy is, get at him as soon as you can and strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.” To Gen Ulysses S. Grant, every problem had a solution. Under the leadership of General Ulysses S. Grant, Union armies used their resources and manpower to defeat the Confederacy. It seemed the President had finally found the general who could lead the Union to victory. Vocabulary: siege – military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender Battle of Gettysburg – 1863 Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that left more than 50,000 soldiers dead or wounded; Confederates never invaded the North again Pickett’s Charge – failed Confederate charge at the Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg Address – 1863 speech made by President Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg total war – all out war that affects civilizations at home as well as soldiers in combat; Gen U.S. Grant’s idea - - Total War Appomattox Court House – Virginia town that was the site of the Confederate surrender on April 9, 1865 Fall of Vicksburg ≥ Vicksburg, Mississippi (MS) – a port on the Mississippi River ≥ July 4, 1863, Independence Day for Gen U.S. Grant; Confederate troops surrendered Vicksburg ≥ July 9, 1863, the Union captured Port Hudson, MS ≥ # 1 – Complete control of the ‘Mighty Mississip’ ≥ # 2 – Confederacy was split into two parts; Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana on the West and the remainder of the Confederacy to the East Union Victory at Gettysburg ≥ General Lee had his ideas; he moved his troops NORTH into Pennsylvania, (PA) hoping to surprise the Yankees and capture Washington, D.C. - - Yankee Capital ≥ Battle of Gettysburg, 3-days that turned out to be the most important of the Civil War - - Turning Point *** TAKS 8.8 B ¿¿ Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the war ? Confederate forces lost their ‘chance’ to invade the North Gettysburg Address ≥ November 19, 1863 a ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery in memory of the soldiers that died at the Battle of Gettysburg ≥ President Lincoln gave a speech known as the Gettysburg Address ≥ In his speech, Lincoln said the Civil War would test if a democratic nation could survive; he also reminded Americans that their nation was founded on beliefs that “all men are created equal” 1 of Printer Notes Topic 0 Part 5 US History Fort Burrows Gettysburg Address “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863 ≥ Lincoln’s entire speech was only ten sentences long and took three minutes to deliver *** TAKS 8.8 C ¿¿ What principles of government does Lincoln describe in the Gettysburg Address ? Lincoln’s speech reflected }4{ ideals of 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________ Lincoln is Reelected for 2nd Term ≥ Democrats nominated Gen George McClellan (remember him at Bull Run ?) ≥ The vote was close, but Lincoln was reelected, ZERO votes from Texas ≥ In his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln looked forward to peace: “With malice toward none, with clarity for all…let us strive…to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which may achieve a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865 Civil War Ends – South Starts Coming HOME !!! ≥ April 2, 1865, Grant captured Richmond ≥ Lee escaped with a few men to a small southern town named Appomattox Court House, Virginia; but was trapped so, Lee surrendered the Confederacy to the Union ≥ Grant offered generous terms of surrender: 1 – Soldiers must turn over their rifles, officers could keep their pistols 2 – Soldiers that rode in on a horse, could keep his horse (Grant knew the men would need animals for spring-time planting ) 2 of Printer Notes Topic 0 Part 5 US History Fort Burrows 3 – Each man would return to his state and not be disturbed by the United States authorities ≥ As the Confederates surrendered, Union soldiers began to cheer ≥ Grant ordered them to be silent, He Said, “The war is over, the rebels are our countrymen again” *** TAKS 8.8 B ¿¿ What were the terms of surrender at Appomattox Court House ? 1 – _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 – _________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________ 3 – _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. After his reelection, what hopes did Lincoln have for the Union ? “___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________” 2. Why was the Civil War a major turning point in American history ? 1. the balance of power changed 2. ‘these’ United States changed to ‘the’ United States 3. the idea that a state might secede, was dead forever 4. the power of the Federal Government grew 5. put an end to slavery in the United States 3. What 3 things does this chart tell you about American Wars ? Name of Conflict Civil War Mexican War War of 1812 American Revolution Estimated Number of US Soldiers Involved 3,713,000 78,718 282,730 217,000 1. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3 of Printer Notes Topic 0 Part 5