Download 4.3 The North Takes Charge

The following questions refer to John Gast’s 1872 painting, American
Progress.
1. What is the idea of Manifest Destiny, and how does this painting reflect it?
2. Who are the big winners and losers in this picture, what symbolism exists?
3. How are the environment and landscape going to change?
#5 How the Civil War was
won.
The Tide Turns
• The South won several battles in 1863, but
lost Stonewall Jackson when he was shot
accidentally by his own troops
• Robert E. Lee decided to invade the north
that year, and was defeated at the battle of
Gettysburg, which turned the tide of the
war
• After three days of intense fighting, Lee
retreated to VA
Continued
• In Nov. 1863, a cemetery was dedicated at
Gettysburg; more than 50,000 soldiers were lost
on both sides
• President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address,
which honored the dead and asked Americans
to rededicate themselves to preserving the
Union
• The next day, General Grant captured Vicksburg
for the Union, and effectively split the
Confederacy in two (July 4)
The Confederacy Wears Down
• The losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg caused
Southern morale to drop; the South was losing
resources and people quickly
• Grant gave William Sherman command of the
Mississippi; both generals believed in waging
total war, where they wanted to destroy the
South’s will to fight
• Grant fought Lee in VA, while Sherman invaded
GA and marched towards the sea, destroying
everything in his path
Continued
• On April 3, 1865, Union troops conquered
Richmond; on April 9, Lee and Grant met
in Appomattox Court House, and arranged
the Confederate surrender
• Lincoln insisted the terms be generous
and allowed soldiers to go home
The War Changes the Nation
• The Union lost 360,000 men, and the South lost
260,000
• The federal government also increased its
power through conscription and an income tax
• The economic gap widened between the two
sides; the Southern economy collapsed due to
losing slavery and the industry and railroads
being destroyed
• The war changed with tech. advances as well;
the rifle and ironclad ship changed war forever
Final Changes
• In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment
abolished slavery everywhere in the U.S.
• Five days after the surrender, Lincoln was
shot by a Southern sympathizer John
Wilkes Booth
• The country had lost its key figure for
strength