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Transcript
Social Psychology Kimberley A. Clow [email protected] http://www.ssc.uwo.ca/psychology/undergraduate/psych020-003/ Login: psych20-003 Password: greentea Outline Social Psychology Helping Who we help When we help Influence of Groups Social Facilitation Social Loafing Attraction Beauty Love Social Psychology Definition Social psychology is the scientific study of the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviour are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people Emphasizes the situational factors that affect behaviour Helping Who Do We Help? 80 60 % Helping 40 20 0 High Medium Low Genetic Relatedness None Social Factors Similarity Responsibility Kitty Genovese The Process of Helping Smoke Filled Room 80 70 60 50 % Reporting 40 Smoke 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Minutes Passed Since Smoke Started Alone Three Person Group 6 Decision Stages Helping Do Groups Help or Hinder? What influence do groups have? Do you perform better in a group? Do you perform worse in a group? Do groups alter the way you behave? Presence of Others On wellmastered or simple tasks dominant response is right Physiological Arousal Dominant Responses Improved Performance On difficult or complex tasks dominant response is wrong Impaired Performance Social Loafing Told to clap or cheer as loud as you can Wearing headphones Hearing others clap or cheer Can’t hear themselves Facilitation vs. Loafing When Do People Join Groups? When they believe they would fail on their own Stereotypical male vs. female tasks When they want information When they don’t want to face an uneasy situation alone Another Shocking Study… Women giving shocks KKK outfits Nurse uniforms Deindividuation Losing one’s sense of personal identity More susceptible to the cues in the situation? Attitude Towards Grad School After discussion, the group that initially favored grad school would be even more strongly in favor Definite GO Conversely, the group that initially disfavored grad school would be even more opposed Unsure Definite NO (Get A Job!) Before Group Discussion After Group Discussion What About Attraction? Influencing Factors Similarity Proximity College dorm study Familiarity Personality, attitudes, interests, physical features Mere exposure Physical Attractiveness Beauty Which of these three faces do you prefer? 1 2 3 Beauty Across Time Beauty in the 1950s. Recognize “her”? Beauty in the 1980s. Recognize “her”? The Matching Principle People tend to date others of similar attractiveness and with similar attitudes Situational Determinants 6.5 6 Opposite Sex Same Sex 5.5 5 4.5 4 9:00 PM 10:30 PM 12:00 AM Getting Acquainted Study Men and women talk over intercom Men shown pictures Attractive or unattractive Beauty Is Good Stereotype Male’s Expectations Male’s Behavior Female’s Behavior Many Types of Love Love Changes People involved in serious relationships rate beautiful models as less attractive The more committed the person, the less they reciprocate interest from another attractive other Some people switch attachment styles in response to relationship experiences People married to dissimilar partners change their personalities more over the years Problem Factors Too much dissimilarity Boredom Changes in reciprocal evaluations and attributions Jealousy Inequity Temperament Exchange Orientation How to Communicate Some helpful rules Positive framing Express appreciation Avoid silent treatment Don’t pretend to be a psychologist Speak for yourself, not your partner Say it directly Nothing nice to say? Then keep quiet