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Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry
and Ecosystem Research
“…to provide a comprehensive understanding of, and accurate
predictive capacity for, ocean responses to accelerating global
change and the consequent effects on the Earth System and
human society”
Ken Drinkwater and Eileen Hoffman
CLIVAR SSG Meeting
2-5 May, 2011
IOC/UNESCO, Paris
Presentation Outline
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IMBER research focus
IMBER program structure
Some recent activities
IMBER science
CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration
IMBER RESEARCH FOCUS
FOUR RESEARCH
THEMES
investigate the
sensitivity of marine
biogeochemical cycles
and ecosystems to
global change, on time
scales ranging from
years to decades
 Interactions between
biogeochemical cycles
and marine food webs
 Sensitivity to global
change
 Feedbacks to the Earth
System
 Responses of society
IMBER Science Plan and
Implementation Strategy
SPIS (2005)
Supplement to the SPIS
(2010)
 IMBER II - next five years
www.IMBER.info/SPIS.html
SPONSORS
Structure
IPO
IMBER Scientific Steering Committee (16 members)
National contacts
Regional Project Office
Working Groups / Task Teams
Regional
Activities
Contributing
Projects
Human Dimensions
Data Management
Carbon Research
Capacity Building
Continental Margins
ICED
SIBER
CLIOTOP
ESSAS
IMBER Scientists
EUR-OCEANS
CARBOCHANGE
IMBER National Network (2011)
IMBER Endorsed Projects (24)
IMBER National Contacts
Synthesis along Regional Programs
ESSAS
CLIOTOP
ICED
IMBER Regional Programmes
SIBER
Four IMBER Regional Programmes
ESSAS: Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic
Seas
To understand how climate change will affect the marine
ecosystems of the Sub-Arctic Seas and their
sustainability.
Leaders: K. Drinkwater (Norway) and G. Hunt (US)
CLIOTOP: CLimate Impacts on Oceanic TOp
Predators
To study oceanic top predators within their ecosystems
using a worldwide comparative approach.
Leaders: O. Maury (France) and A. Hobday (UK)
ICED: Integrating Climate and Ecosystem
Dynamics in the Southern Ocean
To better understand climate interactions in the
Southern Ocean, the implications for ecosystem
dynamics, the impacts on biogeochemical cycles, and
the development of sustainable management
procedures.
Leader: E. Murphy (UK)
SIBER: Sustained Indian Ocean
Biogeochemical and Ecological Research
Basin-wide program in the Indian Ocean focused on
biogeochemical and ecological research, with existing
and planned observing systems and expeditions
providing the observational backbone.
Leaders: Raleigh R. Hood (US) and S. Wajih A. Naqvi
(India)
Strong involvement with CLIVAR-IOP
Recent IMBER Activities
ClimECO2 - Oceans, Marine Ecosystems, and Society facing
Climate Change - A multidisciplinary approach
Leader: Y-M. Paulet, IUEM, France
An international Summer School coorganized by IMBER, IUEM, and Europôle
Mer, 23-27 August 2010, Brest, France
Objective:
To provide participants with an overview
of knowledge, methods, models and
approaches for analyzing the impact of
climate change on marine ecosystems
and the consequences for society
75 students and scientists attend the
summer school.
IMBIZO ll
125 Attendees
Workshop 1: The effect of varying
element ratios on community structure at
low trophic levels and food quality at
mid and high trophic levels
Workshop 2: Large-scale regional
comparisons of marine biogeochemistry
and ecosystem processes - research
approaches and results
-Special Issue of J Mar Syst
Workshop 3: Sensitivity of marine food
webs and biogeochemical cycles to
enhanced stratification
-Special Issue Prog in Oceanogr
http://www.imber.info/IMBIZO.html
A hands-on “Dry Cruise” workshop, based
on the IMBER Data Management
Cookbook was held priort to the IMBIO
with 30 participants.
IMBER Science
Ocean Acidification
Atmospheric carbon
dioxide absorbed by the
ocean has increased and
this is shifting the pH of
seawater to be more acid
Lowered pH affects ocean organisms
that have calcareous structures
IMBER Ocean Acidification Research
 Joint IMBER/SOLAS Carbon Working Group on Ocean
Acidification
Chair: Jean-Pierre Gattuso
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Objectives
 Coordinate international research efforts
 Undertake synthesis activities at the international level
 Establishment of an International Coordination Office is
underway
IMBER Science
Comparative Studies of Southern Ocean
Food Webs
Seasonal length
Sub
Antarctic
Differences due to
Circulation
Sea-ice
Biogeochemistry
Light levels
Seasonality
High
Antarctic
Low
Production
High Production
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Comparative Studies of Southern Ocean
Food Webs
Differences in light, sea ice,
day length
controls - CDW/Southern
ACC boundary versus
Southern ACC Front
advective influences - closed
versus open system
self sustaining krill
population versus non-local
inputs of krill
high productivity - natural
iron fertilization through
different mechanisms
Support large populations of
predators which depend on
Antarctic krill
Southern
ACC Front
Western Antarctic Peninsula and
South Georgia
Connectivity is through Antarctic
krill transport
Alternative Food Web Pathways
High krill
Low
krill
Alternative pathways buffer change. but may not
support long-term change
Need better quantification of alternative pathways
ESSAS
n=32 p=0.107
Temperature °C
ln(recruits index)
n=24 p=0.006
CPUE (kg/trap)
ln(recruits # millions)
CPUE (kg/trap)
Negative relationship; No effect of gadoids
Temperature Effect on Snow Crabs
n=21 p=0.020
n=35 p=0.001
Temperature °C
Capelin
Distribution
August “traditional”
Recent years
August present condition
Hjálmar Vilhjálmsson
Saturation state for seawater with respect to
aragonite (Ωarg) in the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago and the Labrador Sea
Smith Sound
Barrow Strait
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Baffin Bay
Davis Strait
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Hudson Strait
The Labrador Sea
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(Kumiko Azetsu-Scott et al., 2010)
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ESSAS Open Science Meeting
• Seattle, May 22-26
• Comparative studies of climate effects on polar
and sub-polar ocean ecosystems: progress in
observations and predictions
• Sessions on comparative studies, IPY,
biogeochemistry, human dimensions, Bering
Sea, modelling, gadoids and crusteans, ESSAS
programs
• Strong emphasis on physical forcing
• ICES, PICES, IOC, etc. as co-sponsors
ICES/PICES AMO Workshop
• June 6-10, 2011, Woods Hole, USA
• Dealing with physics and biology
• Aims to improve our understanding of the
forcing mechanisms, the physical
responses, biological responses, etc.
Thoughts on CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration
• Circulation – Large scale (i.e. MOC) and
regional
• NAO, PDO, ENSO, AMO, etc.
• Vertical Stratification
• Upwelling and changes in winds
• CO2 fluxes and role of atmosphere and oceans
• Climate Change – Regional Downscaling
• Natural vs Anthropogenic Changes
Need to match spatial and temporal scales.
Biological feedbacks on the climate system.
To Stay Informed
http://www.imber.info
[email protected]
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