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Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research “…to provide a comprehensive understanding of, and accurate predictive capacity for, ocean responses to accelerating global change and the consequent effects on the Earth System and human society” Ken Drinkwater and Eileen Hoffman CLIVAR SSG Meeting 2-5 May, 2011 IOC/UNESCO, Paris Presentation Outline • • • • • IMBER research focus IMBER program structure Some recent activities IMBER science CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration IMBER RESEARCH FOCUS FOUR RESEARCH THEMES investigate the sensitivity of marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems to global change, on time scales ranging from years to decades Interactions between biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs Sensitivity to global change Feedbacks to the Earth System Responses of society IMBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy SPIS (2005) Supplement to the SPIS (2010) IMBER II - next five years www.IMBER.info/SPIS.html SPONSORS Structure IPO IMBER Scientific Steering Committee (16 members) National contacts Regional Project Office Working Groups / Task Teams Regional Activities Contributing Projects Human Dimensions Data Management Carbon Research Capacity Building Continental Margins ICED SIBER CLIOTOP ESSAS IMBER Scientists EUR-OCEANS CARBOCHANGE IMBER National Network (2011) IMBER Endorsed Projects (24) IMBER National Contacts Synthesis along Regional Programs ESSAS CLIOTOP ICED IMBER Regional Programmes SIBER Four IMBER Regional Programmes ESSAS: Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas To understand how climate change will affect the marine ecosystems of the Sub-Arctic Seas and their sustainability. Leaders: K. Drinkwater (Norway) and G. Hunt (US) CLIOTOP: CLimate Impacts on Oceanic TOp Predators To study oceanic top predators within their ecosystems using a worldwide comparative approach. Leaders: O. Maury (France) and A. Hobday (UK) ICED: Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern Ocean To better understand climate interactions in the Southern Ocean, the implications for ecosystem dynamics, the impacts on biogeochemical cycles, and the development of sustainable management procedures. Leader: E. Murphy (UK) SIBER: Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological Research Basin-wide program in the Indian Ocean focused on biogeochemical and ecological research, with existing and planned observing systems and expeditions providing the observational backbone. Leaders: Raleigh R. Hood (US) and S. Wajih A. Naqvi (India) Strong involvement with CLIVAR-IOP Recent IMBER Activities ClimECO2 - Oceans, Marine Ecosystems, and Society facing Climate Change - A multidisciplinary approach Leader: Y-M. Paulet, IUEM, France An international Summer School coorganized by IMBER, IUEM, and Europôle Mer, 23-27 August 2010, Brest, France Objective: To provide participants with an overview of knowledge, methods, models and approaches for analyzing the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems and the consequences for society 75 students and scientists attend the summer school. IMBIZO ll 125 Attendees Workshop 1: The effect of varying element ratios on community structure at low trophic levels and food quality at mid and high trophic levels Workshop 2: Large-scale regional comparisons of marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes - research approaches and results -Special Issue of J Mar Syst Workshop 3: Sensitivity of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles to enhanced stratification -Special Issue Prog in Oceanogr http://www.imber.info/IMBIZO.html A hands-on “Dry Cruise” workshop, based on the IMBER Data Management Cookbook was held priort to the IMBIO with 30 participants. IMBER Science Ocean Acidification Atmospheric carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean has increased and this is shifting the pH of seawater to be more acid Lowered pH affects ocean organisms that have calcareous structures IMBER Ocean Acidification Research Joint IMBER/SOLAS Carbon Working Group on Ocean Acidification Chair: Jean-Pierre Gattuso Objectives Coordinate international research efforts Undertake synthesis activities at the international level Establishment of an International Coordination Office is underway IMBER Science Comparative Studies of Southern Ocean Food Webs Seasonal length Sub Antarctic Differences due to Circulation Sea-ice Biogeochemistry Light levels Seasonality High Antarctic Low Production High Production • • • • • • Comparative Studies of Southern Ocean Food Webs Differences in light, sea ice, day length controls - CDW/Southern ACC boundary versus Southern ACC Front advective influences - closed versus open system self sustaining krill population versus non-local inputs of krill high productivity - natural iron fertilization through different mechanisms Support large populations of predators which depend on Antarctic krill Southern ACC Front Western Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia Connectivity is through Antarctic krill transport Alternative Food Web Pathways High krill Low krill Alternative pathways buffer change. but may not support long-term change Need better quantification of alternative pathways ESSAS n=32 p=0.107 Temperature °C ln(recruits index) n=24 p=0.006 CPUE (kg/trap) ln(recruits # millions) CPUE (kg/trap) Negative relationship; No effect of gadoids Temperature Effect on Snow Crabs n=21 p=0.020 n=35 p=0.001 Temperature °C Capelin Distribution August “traditional” Recent years August present condition Hjálmar Vilhjálmsson Saturation state for seawater with respect to aragonite (Ωarg) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Smith Sound Barrow Strait 0 -100 -50 -200 -100 -150 -300 -200 -400 -250 -300 S 0 N 10 20 30 40 50 60 -500 70 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Baffin Bay Davis Strait 0 0 -200 -500 -400 -1000 -600 -1500 -800 -2000 -1000 0 50 100 150 200 250 -2500 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Hudson Strait The Labrador Sea 0 0 -50 -500 -100 -1000 -150 0.6 -200 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 -1500 -2000 -250 -2500 -300 -3000 -350 -3500 -400 S 0 50 N 100 (Kumiko Azetsu-Scott et al., 2010) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 ESSAS Open Science Meeting • Seattle, May 22-26 • Comparative studies of climate effects on polar and sub-polar ocean ecosystems: progress in observations and predictions • Sessions on comparative studies, IPY, biogeochemistry, human dimensions, Bering Sea, modelling, gadoids and crusteans, ESSAS programs • Strong emphasis on physical forcing • ICES, PICES, IOC, etc. as co-sponsors ICES/PICES AMO Workshop • June 6-10, 2011, Woods Hole, USA • Dealing with physics and biology • Aims to improve our understanding of the forcing mechanisms, the physical responses, biological responses, etc. Thoughts on CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration • Circulation – Large scale (i.e. MOC) and regional • NAO, PDO, ENSO, AMO, etc. • Vertical Stratification • Upwelling and changes in winds • CO2 fluxes and role of atmosphere and oceans • Climate Change – Regional Downscaling • Natural vs Anthropogenic Changes Need to match spatial and temporal scales. Biological feedbacks on the climate system. To Stay Informed http://www.imber.info [email protected] Contact the IPO to recieve the IMBER e-NEWS and Newsletter