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PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Redefining our perceptions of what constitutes psychological disorders. Learning to ask “Why?” Focus on observable data. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Learning Objectives: Introduction: 3 cases Anxiety Disorders Dissociative Disorders Somatoform Disorders Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Personality Disorders Psychological Disorders Three cases: Jim Gordon Vincent “The Chin “Gigante Andrea Yates What is Insanity? Disease vs. Disorder (illness) What’s your perception? Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders A brief history: the pendulum swings Greeks: perceived natural causes Middle Ages: natural & supernatural causes Colonial America: supernatural or natural? hysteria + ergot = trouble Present: natural versus supernatural The role of technology Anxiety Disorders Phobias (irrational fears) specific, Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorders at social least 6 months duration Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder thoughts and actions Anxiety Disorders Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Acute Stress Disorder occurs w/i 1 month of event, lasts 2 days - 4 weeks Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Inhibitory neurotransmitter implicated in anxiety reactions aids in calming us during anxiety Dissociative Disorders Sudden, temporary changes in consciousness or self identity. Dissociative Amnesia, Fugue (fleeing) Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD); Most extreme form of chronic PTSD, Dissociation as coping mechanism Four Cases: Chris Sizemore; Shirley Ardell Mason; Billy Milligan; Truddi Chase. Somatoform Disorders Complaints of physical (somatic) problems despite physical abnormalities. Symptoms are not intentional. Motivation for illness is unconscious Conversion Disorder unconscious conflicts are converted into physical symptoms. Symptoms are often significant to the patient. Can persist for years. Conversion Disorder FYI: Hysteria = womb / uterus Psychosomatic (Hysterical) Blindness Psychosomatic (Hysterical) Pregnancy Couvade “La belle Indifference” characterized symptoms. by an indifference to their Conversion Disorder Hypochondriasis Not attention seeking behavior Related Somatoform Disorders: Pain Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mood Disorders Major Depression Characteristics Types Bipolar Disorder (manic depression) Types Seasonal Affective Disorder Suicide Rates 300,000 Factors Links people per year to depression / hopelessness Diversity Myths Schizophrenia Split between thought and reality Characteristics Delusions Stupor Loss of control of thought processes inappropriate emotional responses Onset 1% of population Schizophrenia Three types: Paranoid Disorganized Catatonic: waxy flexibility, mutism Dopamine Hypothesis: Glutamate may be the more important precursor. Personality Disorders Enduring patterns of maladaptive behavior. Sources of distress to the individual or others. Overview of Types of Personality Disorders. Paranoid / Schizotypal / Schizoid / Avoidant / Antisocial Personality Disorders Paranoid Personality Type Persistent suspiciousness Emotionally detached bear persistent grudges. Schizotypal Personality Type Oddities of thought and behavior Eccentricities of behavior “Magical thinking” inappropriate dress Personality Disorders Schizoid Personality Type Social withdrawal Express few emotions Avoidant Personality Type Generally unwilling to enter relationships without assurance of acceptance High levels of emotional discomfort Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality Type (“Sociopath”) Frequent conflict with society, undeterred by punishment guilt, anxiety, or remorse for actions Ongoing disregard for the rights of others little Deceitfulness Repeated lying (lying for personal gain and/or pleasure) Must be at least 18 years old Personality Disorders Malingering: “disease forgery” Factitious Disorder attention Munchausen hero Rarely Syndrome (by proxy) / victim treated successfully Personality Disorders Narcissistic Personality Type exaggerated sense of self importance, entitlement Disturbed self-centered relationships. Histrionic Personality Type excessive emotionality Borderline Personality Type Pattern of unstable personal relationships. poor self image, impulse control. Impulse Control Disorders: Kleptomania, Pyromania, Trichotillomania (hair pulling)