* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 16
Addictive personality wikipedia , lookup
Memory disorder wikipedia , lookup
Obsessive–compulsive disorder wikipedia , lookup
Factitious disorder imposed on another wikipedia , lookup
Selective mutism wikipedia , lookup
Eating disorders and memory wikipedia , lookup
Bipolar II disorder wikipedia , lookup
Claustrophobia wikipedia , lookup
Rumination syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Autism spectrum wikipedia , lookup
Gender dysphoria in children wikipedia , lookup
Anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Bipolar disorder wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Impulsivity wikipedia , lookup
Eating disorder wikipedia , lookup
Broken windows theory wikipedia , lookup
Causes of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Sexual addiction wikipedia , lookup
Depression in childhood and adolescence wikipedia , lookup
Excoriation disorder wikipedia , lookup
Social anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Mental disorder wikipedia , lookup
Panic disorder wikipedia , lookup
Schizoaffective disorder wikipedia , lookup
Treatment of bipolar disorder wikipedia , lookup
Munchausen by Internet wikipedia , lookup
Personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Separation anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Depersonalization disorder wikipedia , lookup
Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
History of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders wikipedia , lookup
Conversion disorder wikipedia , lookup
Generalized anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Spectrum disorder wikipedia , lookup
Child psychopathology wikipedia , lookup
Antisocial personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Conduct disorder wikipedia , lookup
Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Dissociative identity disorder wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders DSM-IV • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders • Criteria for diagnosis • Normal vs. abnormal behavior – Interferes with daily life – Severity of behavior Mental Retardation • IQ and adaptive functioning • Mild MR: 55-70 IQ (simple job, live in community with supervision) • Moderate MR: 40-55 IQ (Self-care skills) • Severe MR: 25-40 IQ (Assistance with skills) • Profound IQ: IQ below 25: often nonverbal Learning Disorders • Reading, writing, math • Average or above average IQ • Assess intelligence, achievement, cognition Autistic Disorder • • • • • • • Social impairment, oblivious to others Poor peer relationships Lack of social/emotional reciprocity Delay in spoken language Stereotyped mannerisms Adherence to routines Asperger’s is a milder form with no delay in language ADHD • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – Predominantly inattentive type, – Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type – Combined type Conduct Disorder • • • • • Aggression to people and animals Fighting Destruction of property Deceitfulness or theft Serious violation of rules (truancy, running away) Oppositional Defiant Disorder • • • • Loses temper Argues with adults Defiant, noncompliant Blames others Dementia • Memory impairment Substance-Related Disorders • Substance Abuse: recurrent use; failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, home • Substance Dependence – Tolerance: need increased amount of substance to achieve desired effects Substance-Related Disorders • Alcohol, amphetamines, caffeine-induced anxiety, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytics Schizophrenia • • • • • • • Delusions Hallucinations, usually auditory Disorganized, incoherent speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Flat affect Social/work dysfunction Very severe form of mental illness Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid: frequent delusions, hallucinations • Disorganized: prominent features of disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, flat or inappropriate affect • Catatonic: motoric immobility, rigid posture, mutism or echolalia Delusional Disorder • Nonbizarre delusions (poisoned, deceived) – Erotomanic: someone is in love with them – Grandiose: special powers, special relationship with God – Jealous – Persecutory: treated poorly – Somatic: physical defect – Therapy is difficult because they don’t trust the therapist and don’t think there is problem Mood Disorders • Major Depression • Dysthymia • Bipolar disorder Major Depression • • • • • • Depressed mood Anhedonia Changes in appetite or sleep Feelings of guilt, worthlessness Problems with concentration Suicidal thoughts or behavior Manic Episode • • • • • • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity Decreased need for sleep Increased talking Flight of ideas, racing thoughts Distractibility Impulsivity, without regard for consequences Anxiety Disorders • • • • • • Panic Attacks Agoraphobia Social phobias Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder PTSD Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Attack • • • • • • Pounding, racing heart, chest pain Sweating Nausea Dizziness Fear of losing control, “going crazy” Fear of dying Phobias • Specific phobia – Excessive, unreasonable fear (heights, flying) – Interferes with life • Social phobia – Fear of social situations – Avoidance of social situations Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Either obsessive or compulsive • Obsessions: recurrent thought that are intrusive, inappropriate • Compulsions: repetitive behaviors (handwashing, counting) PTSD • Post-traumatic stress disorder • Experience or witness event that involved actual or threatened death or injury • Symptoms: distressing recollections, avoidance of similar stimuli, irritability, difficulty sleeping, nightmares, startle, hypervigilant Generalized Anxiety Disorder • • • • Excessive, uncontrollable worry Restless, irritable Sleep disturbance Problems concentrating Somatoform Disorders • Somatization Disorder – Many physical complaints before age 30 – Seeking of medical treatment – Symptoms are not explained medically • Hypochondriasis – Fear of having serious disease, preoccupation with symptoms that persists in spite of medical reassurance Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative amnesia – Forget personal information • Dissociative fugue – Travel from home – Can’t remember your past – May assume new identity • Dissociative identity disorder – Multiple personality disorder – 2 or more personalities – Loss of time Sexual Dysfunctions • Sexual arousal disorder – Failure to maintain arousal through completion of sex act, compared to someone of similar age, health, etc. • Orgasmic disorder – Under conditions of adequate arousal • Premature Ejaculation • Vaginismus Paraphilias • Exhibitionism • Fetishism (non-living objects for sexual arousal) • Frotteurism (touching, rubbing, a non-consenting person) • Pedophilia • Sexual masochism • Sexual sadism • Voyeurism Gender Identity Disorder • Stated desire or insistence that you are opposite sex • Preference for cross sex roles or fantasies of being the other sex • Pass as the other sex Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia nervosa Sleep Disorders • Primary Insomnia: difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep • Primary hypersomnia: excessive sleepiness, prolonged sleep • Narcolepsy: daily irresistible sleep attacks • Nightmare disorder • Sleep Terrors: intense fear, physiological reaction to nightmares • Sleepwalking disorder Impulsive Disorders • Intermittent explosive disorder: assaultive or destructive behavior out of proportion to stressor • Kleptomania • Pyromania • Pathological gambling: preoccupation with gambling, can’t stop, lie to conceal gambling Personality Disorders • Enduring pattern that deviates markedly from expectation of culture • May affect – Cognition: perceive, interpret events – Affect – Interpersonal functioning impulse control Paranoid Personality Disorder • • • • Suspect others trying to harm you Preoccupied with doubts of loyalty Reads hidden meaning into things Bears grudges Schizoid Personality Disorder • • • • • Can’t enjoy close relationships Prefer solitary activities Little interest in sex No close friends, except family Detached, indifferent to praise Antisocial Personality Disorder • • • • • Unlawful behavior Lying, con artist Disregard for others Lack of remorse Irresponsible Borderline Personality Disorder • • • • • • Avoids abandonment by others Unstable, intense relationships Impulsive Suicidal threats or gestures Labile Inappropriate anger Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Grandiose sense of self • Sees self as special, only understood by important people • Requires excessive admiration • Sense of entitlement • Takes advantage of others • Lacks empathy Histrionic Personality Disorder • Needs to be center of attention • Dramatic, seductive behavior • Shallow expression of emotion Avoidant Personality Disorder • Unwilling to associate unless certain of being liked • Fear of being criticized, rejected • Sees self as inept Dependent Personality Disorder • Needs assurance to make everyday decisions • Others needed to take responsibility for them • Difficulty expressing disagreement Obsessive-Compulsive Personality • Perfectionistic • Preoccupied with rules • Morally inflexible