Download Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders
Chapter 9
General Definition
• persistent, maladaptive
patterns of behavior
that are inconsistent with
the person’s culture
• pattern of behavior is:
– must be evident in two or
more of the following:
• leads to social and/or
occupational problems
or distress
•
•
•
•
cognitions
emotional responses
interpersonal functioning
impulse control
– inflexible
– pervasive
– longstanding
Cluster A
• socially isolated and odd/eccentric
– Paranoid personality disorder
– Schizoid personality disorder
– Schizotypal personality disorder
Paranoid personality disorder
• inappropriate suspiciousness of others’
motives
• takes extraordinary precautions to avoid
being exploited or injured
• overly reactive to minor slights or insults
• may create self-fulfilling prophecy
Schizoid Personality Disorder
• pattern of indifference to others
• diminished range of emotional experience and
expression
• prefer social isolation
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• peculiar patterns of behavior
– perceptual and cognitive disturbances
(e.g., bizarre fantasies)
• unusual speech
– vague or disjointed
• unusual, but not actively psychotic or out of
touch with reality
– e.g., constricted affect or silly and inappropriate
Cluster B
• flamboyant, excessively dramatic, emotional,
or erratic
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Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• irresponsible and
antisocial behavior
beginning by
adolescence
– symptoms of Conduct
Disorder by age of 15
• disregard for and
violation of others’
rights
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•
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•
•
irritable
impulsive
aggressive
reckless
irresponsible
Borderline Personality Disorder
• pattern of instability in mood and
interpersonal relationships
• intense relationships vacillating between
unrealistically positive and negative feelings
toward each other
• rapid mood changes
• identity disturbance (difficulty maintaining
sense of self)
Histrionic Personality Disorder
• pattern of excessive
emotionality and
attention-seeking
behavior
• self-centered
• demanding
• vain
• dramatic
• constantly seeking
approval
• emotions are shallow
and easily aroused
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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•
•
•
*
pattern of grandiosity
exaggerated sense of self-importance
preoccupation with own achievement
unable to empathize with others
overlaps with Borderline personality disorder
* both feel others should recognize their needs and
do special favors for them
Cluster C
• anxious and fearful
– Avoidant personality disorder
– Dependent personality disorder
– Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
• pattern of social discomfort, fear of negative
evaluation, timidity
• tendency towards social isolation, although
desired to be liked
• very sensitive to criticism – therefore, avoids
contact with others
Dependent Personality Disorder
• pattern of submissive and clinging behavior
• anxious and helpless when alone – need others
for advice and support
– usually find one person to latch onto for support
• easily hurt by criticism
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder
• pattern of
perfectionism
inflexibility, orderliness,
and need for
mental/interpersonal
control
• set overly ambitious,
unobtainable standards
• preoccupied with details
and rules – often lose
sight of main point of
activity or project
• emotionally restricted
• excessively
conscientious
• moralistic
• judgmental
• intolerant of others’
emotionality and
imperfection
Summary