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Schizoid Personality Disorder
What is schizoid personality disorder?
People who have schizoid personality disorder do not want relationships with other people. It's not that they hate people, they just prefer to
be alone. They have a lot of trouble understanding and expressing emotions.
What is the cause?
The exact cause of this disorder is not known. Experts think it may be caused by differences in the brain or nervous system. It might also be
related to problems in the family such as financial stresses, death of loved ones, mental illness, or abuse. For example, people who were
often rejected or abused as a child might have learned to avoid people as a way to protect themselves. Schizoid personality disorder usually
starts in the late teen years. The risk is increased if someone in the family has schizophrenia.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of this disorder include:
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not wanting or enjoying close relationships, including being part of a family
not having strong emotions
almost always choosing to be by themselves
having little, if any, interest in having sex with another person
not taking pleasure in activities
lacking close friends
not caring about praise or criticism from others
seeming detached, unresponsive, or emotionally cold
How is it diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider or therapist will ask about your symptoms and examine you. He or she may also:
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ask about your relationships with family, friends, and co-workers
give you a personality test
suggest lab tests to rule out medical problems
make sure medicines are not causing or increasing your symptoms
rule out other mental health problems
If you have 4 or more of the symptoms listed above and they interfere with your life, you may be diagnosed with this disorder.
How is it treated?
Psychotherapy can help you see yourself more clearly. It helps you recognize the effects of your behavior on others. This can help you
change behaviors that get in the way of living a satisfying life.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a way to help you identify and change thoughts you have that are not realistic. CBT can make you
aware of unhealthy ways of thinking. It can also help you learn new thought and behavior patterns.
Medicine is usually not prescribed to treat this disorder, unless you also have symptoms of major depression or anxiety.
When should I seek help?
If your symptoms are seriously interfering with your daily life, seek help from your healthcare provider or a mental health professional.
Without treatment this disorder will be lifelong.
Patient handouts provided by Merck Medicus. Copyright © 2012-2013 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.