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Module 49
Mood
Disorders
Module 49 - Mood disorders
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Major Depressive Episode
• Depressed mood
• Loss of interest in
pleasurable activities
• Decrease or increase in
appetite OR significant
weight loss or gain
• Persistently increased or
decreased sleep
• Psychomotor agitation
or retardation
• Fatigue or low energy
• Feelings of
worthlessness or
inappropriate guilt
• Decreased concentration
or indecisiveness
• Recurrent thoughts of
death, suicidal ideation,
or suicide attempt
Five or more symptoms present for ≥ 2 weeks
# 1 reason people seek Mental Health Services
Sex Differences F ¼ (22%) M 1/8 (13%) life time prevalence.
Women (11.2%) Men (5.8%) per year
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Most depressions last less four months.
1/2 who have one episode never have another.
1/4 have a multiple recurrence.
15% of People with Major Depression
commit suicide.
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Preventing Suicide
If someone tells you they are thinking of suicide . . .
1) Take it seriously
70% tell someone before hand.
2) Talk to them about it
3) Recognise symptoms
- giving away possessions
- sudden recovery from depressed mood
4) Don’t leave them alone!
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5) Encourage them to get help
. . . . and Get help yourself .
6) Discourage Drinking. Alcohol is a depressant.
It just makes it worse!
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Symptoms of Mania
- abnormal, persistent elevated or irritable mood
- inflated self esteem or grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- uncontrolled talking
- racing thoughts
- excessive risky activities (spending sprees, sexual
indiscretions, foolish business investments)
- generally develops before 30
- if untreated episodes last from 2 to 6 weeks
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Bipolar Disorder
reoccurring episodes of depression and mania
often with normal moods in between.
Hypomania – less sever mania
Dysthymia - less sever depression.
Cyclothymia - less sever bipolar disorder
- generally begin in early adulthood and rarely
leads to suicide.
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Causes of mood disorders
Causes
Biological Perspective
Genetics
- twin Studies
- linkage Studies
Brain Activity
Neurochemicals
- Norepinephrine and Seratonin
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Social Cognitive Perspective
Learned Helplessness
Rumination (Negative Thoughts)
- state dependant memories
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Social Cognitive Perspective
Explanatory Style
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Stressors Reactive Depression - response to an
identifiable stressor(s).
Poor coping strategies
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Drug Therapy
Serotonin & norepinephrine
Tricyclics
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Prozac Family
Cognitive Therapy – Challenge Stinking Thinking
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Drugs or Talk Therapy --- Which works best?
Both Work.
The combination:
- works better for people with Major Depression
- decrease probability of re-occurrence
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