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Module 49 Mood Disorders Module 49 - Mood disorders 1 Major Depressive Episode • Depressed mood • Loss of interest in pleasurable activities • Decrease or increase in appetite OR significant weight loss or gain • Persistently increased or decreased sleep • Psychomotor agitation or retardation • Fatigue or low energy • Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt • Decreased concentration or indecisiveness • Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt Five or more symptoms present for ≥ 2 weeks # 1 reason people seek Mental Health Services Sex Differences F ¼ (22%) M 1/8 (13%) life time prevalence. Women (11.2%) Men (5.8%) per year Module 49 - Mood disorders 3 Most depressions last less four months. 1/2 who have one episode never have another. 1/4 have a multiple recurrence. 15% of People with Major Depression commit suicide. Module 49 - Mood disorders 4 Preventing Suicide If someone tells you they are thinking of suicide . . . 1) Take it seriously 70% tell someone before hand. 2) Talk to them about it 3) Recognise symptoms - giving away possessions - sudden recovery from depressed mood 4) Don’t leave them alone! Module 49 - Mood disorders 5 5) Encourage them to get help . . . . and Get help yourself . 6) Discourage Drinking. Alcohol is a depressant. It just makes it worse! Module 49 - Mood disorders 6 Symptoms of Mania - abnormal, persistent elevated or irritable mood - inflated self esteem or grandiosity - decreased need for sleep - uncontrolled talking - racing thoughts - excessive risky activities (spending sprees, sexual indiscretions, foolish business investments) - generally develops before 30 - if untreated episodes last from 2 to 6 weeks Module 49 - Mood disorders 7 Bipolar Disorder reoccurring episodes of depression and mania often with normal moods in between. Hypomania – less sever mania Dysthymia - less sever depression. Cyclothymia - less sever bipolar disorder - generally begin in early adulthood and rarely leads to suicide. Module 49 - Mood disorders 8 Causes of mood disorders Causes Biological Perspective Genetics - twin Studies - linkage Studies Brain Activity Neurochemicals - Norepinephrine and Seratonin Module 49 - Mood disorders 10 Social Cognitive Perspective Learned Helplessness Rumination (Negative Thoughts) - state dependant memories Module 49 - Mood disorders 11 Social Cognitive Perspective Explanatory Style Module 49 - Mood disorders 12 Stressors Reactive Depression - response to an identifiable stressor(s). Poor coping strategies Module 49 - Mood disorders 13 Drug Therapy Serotonin & norepinephrine Tricyclics Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Prozac Family Cognitive Therapy – Challenge Stinking Thinking Module 49 - Mood disorders 14 Drugs or Talk Therapy --- Which works best? Both Work. The combination: - works better for people with Major Depression - decrease probability of re-occurrence Module 49 - Mood disorders 15