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Anatomy A
Chapter 1
Week 2
Warm-up 09/08
• List all the anatomical terms you can
remember, FROM MEMORY!
Agenda 09/08
•
•
•
•
Directional Terms
Body Planes
Time to finish Activity from Friday
When Done
– Clay Models & Mr. Apple
– Simon Says
• ANATOMICAL TERMS QUIZ THURDSAY
Directional Terms
 Superior – toward the head
– The head is superior to the
neck.
 Inferior - away from the
head
 The neck is inferior to the
head
Directional Terms
• Anterior - toward the front
– The lips are anterior to the
teeth.
• Posterior –towards the back of
the body
– The teeth are posterior to the
lips.
Directional Terms
• Medial- toward the
midline
– The bridge of the nose
is medial to the eyes.
• Lateral - away from the
midline
– The eyes are lateral to
the nose.
Directional Terms
 Proximal – closer to the
origin of the body
 The elbow is proximal to the
hand.
 Distal –farther from the
origin of the body
 The hand is distal to the elbow.
Directional Terms
 Superficial – toward
the surface of the body
 The skin is superficial to
muscles.
 Deep – away from the
body surface
 Muscles are deep to the
skin.
Directional Terms
• Ipsilateral – on the same
side of the body
– The right arm and right leg are
ipsilateral.
• Contralateral – on the
opposite side of the body
– The right arm and left leg are
cotralateral.
Anatomical Terminology Summarized
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Superior = above
Inferior = below
Anterior = front
Posterior = back
Ventral = front
Dorsal = back
Medial = center
Lateral = side
Proximal = closer to trunk
Distal = farther from trunk
1. Superficial = surface Deep = internal
Body Planes and Sections
Body Planes
 Sagittal – divides
the body into
right and left
parts
 (Think of an
arrow piercing
your heart)
Body Planes
 Transverse or
horizontal (cross
section) – divides
the body into
superior and
inferior parts
 (Transverse a
Mountain slope,
cut across it)
Body Planes
 Frontal or coronal
– divides the body
into anterior and
posterior parts
Body Planes
 Oblique section – cuts
made diagonally
Body Planes
 Cross-section or Transverse –
divides the into superior and
inferior parts
 (Traverse a Mountain slope, cut
across it)
Body Planes
 Longitudinal – plane runs along
the axis of a long narrow
structure.
Anatomical Terminology
SAGITTAL
TRANSVERSE
FRONTAL or
CORONAL
Anatomical Terms Activity
• Time to finish ANALYSIS
– PART A
– PART B
– PART C
• Hand in to PERIOD 3 BOX when done.
Warm-up 09/09
• Write one sentence for each of the following
term pairs. (choose one word from each pair)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior
Ventra /Dorsal
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Superficial/Deep
Agenda 09/09
• Clay Models
• Mr. Apple Plane Directions
• QUIZ THURSAY 09/11
Clay Model & Mr. Apple Head
• Each group:
– Complete 1 clay model.
– Complete one Mr. Apple Head direction sheet.
• Follow a Set of Directions, take a picture of your Mr.
Apple head e-mail to me.
• Create a set of directions similar to the one you just used.
• Include a (hand drawn) picture of what the finished Mr.
Apple Head should look like.
When Finished……
• Grab a deck of study cards
– Play ‘Simon Says’ point to this region
– Which is What?
– Show me the cut!
Warm-up 09/10
Name the Region
A. Olecranal
B. Gluteal
C. Crural or (Sural)
D. Brachial
E. Femoral
D
A
B
E
C
Agenda 09/10
•
•
•
•
Mr. Apple Directions
Simon Says
Levels of Organization
Body Cavities
• HW pp. 9-11
• QUIZ THURSAY 09/11
Mr. Apple Head
• Using another groups directions. Create Mr.
Apple head.
• Check your finished product with the group or
key Darlak has.
• When Done get a deck of Simon Says Card
– Have one person read, others point to region
Levels of Structural Organization
 Chemical – atoms combined to form molecules
 Cellular – cells are made of molecules
 Tissue – consists of similar types of cells
 Organ – made up of different types of tissues
 Organ system – consists of different organs
that work closely together
 Organism – made up of the organ systems
Structural Organization
Body Cavities
Dorsal
Ventral
Dorsal Body Cavities
 Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system and is
divided into two subdivisions
 Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases
the brain
 Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral
column and encases the spinal cord
Body Cavities
Ventral Body Cavities
• Ventral cavity
houses the internal
organs (viscera), and is
divided into two
subdivisions: -
– Thoracic
– Abdominopelvic
Ventral Body Cavities
Thoracic cavity is subdivided into
pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the
pericardial cavity
Pleural cavities – each houses a lung
 Mediastinum – contains the pericardial
cavity, and surrounds the remaining
thoracic organs
 Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart
More……
• Simon Says
• Work on Homework pp. 9-11
Which Direction?
A. Superior
B. Posterior
C. Distal
D. Lateral
A
Warm-up 09/11
B
D
C
Agenda 09/11
• Chapter 1 Quiz
• Intro to Systematic Anatomy
A
B
C
Ventral Body Cavities
 The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the
superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped
diaphragm
 It is composed of two subdivisions
 Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
 Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains
the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Body Cavities
Figure 1.9b
Other Body Cavities
Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs
Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose
Orbital – house the eyes
Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations
Synovial – joint cavities
Systemic v. Regional Anatomy
Systemic – study of anatomy by system
Regional – study of anatomy by region
Systematic Anatomy
Skeletal System
Major Organs:
bones
ligaments
cartilages
Major Functions:
provide framework
protect soft tissue
provide attachments for muscles
produce blood cells
store inorganic salts
Systematic Anatomy
Nervous System
Major Organs:
brain
spinal cord
nerves
sense organs
Major Functions:
• detect changes
• responds to external changes
• receive and interpret sensory
information
• stimulate muscles and glands
Systematic Anatomy
Muscular System
Major Organs:
muscles
Major Functions:
cause movement
maintain posture
facial expression
produce body heat
Systematic Anatomy
Cardiovascular System
Major Organs:
heart
arteries
capillaries
veins
Major Functions:
• Blood vessels transport blood
• Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Also carries nutrients and wastes
• Heart pumps blood through blood
vessels
Systematic Anatomy
Urinary System
Major Organs:
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
Major Functions:
• Remove waste from blood
• Maintain water and electrolyte balance
• Store and transport urine
Warm-up 09/12
What are the six levels of structural organization
used in Anatomy? Give and example of each.
 Chemical – atoms combined to form molecules
 Cellular – cells are made of molecules
 Tissue – consists of similar types of cells
 Organ – made up of different types of tissues
 Organ system – consists of different organs
that work closely together
 Organism – made up of the organ systems
Structural Organization
Agenda 09/12
• Finish System Intros
• Body System Posters
Systematic Anatomy
Digestive System
Major Organs:
mouth, tongue, teeth
salivary glands, pharynx
esophagus, stomach
liver and gallbladder
pancreas
small and large intestines
Major Functions:
• receive, breakdown, and absorb food
• eliminate unabsorbed material
• indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as feces
Systematic Anatomy
Respiratory System
Major Organs:
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
Major Functions:
• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
• Removes carbon dioxide
• Exchange gases between air and blood
Systematic Anatomy
Lymphatic System
Major Organs:
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
thymus
spleen
Major Functions:
• return tissue fluid to blood
• carry certain absorbed food molecules
• defend the body against infection
Systematic Anatomy
Male Reproductive System
Major Organs:
scrotum, testes
epididymides
ductus deferentia
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
urethra, penis
Major Functions:
• produce and maintain sperm cells
• transfer sperm cells into female
• reproductive tract
Systematic Anatomy
Female Reproductive System
Major Organs:
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
clitoris
vulva
Major Functions:
• produce and maintain eggs cells
• receive sperm cells
• support development of an embryo
• function in the birth process
Systematic Anatomy
Endocrine System
Major Organs:
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
pancreas
pineal gland
thymus
ovaries
testes
Major Functions:
Glands secrete hormones to regulate:
• Metabolic activities
• Growth
• Reproduction
Systematic Anatomy
Integumentary System
Major Organs:
skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
Major Functions:
protect tissue
regulate body temperature
support sensory receptors
synthesizes vitamin D
Body System Poster
• Computer Lab B
– Butcher Paper
– Textbook/Internet
– Colored Pencils/Markers
• Use Procedure on handout