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EVOLUTION Definition: Change over time EVOLUTION Examples of evolution: Cosmology- The origin and continuing development of the universe Chemistry- the change in macromolecules; proteins, CHO, nucleic acids, lipids Astronomy- dynamic orbits of various celestial bodies Geology- plate tectonics, volcanism, erosion, and sedimentation Evolution Examples, cont.. Meteorology- ice ages, global warming Oceanography- El Nino, southern oscillation, salinity Anthropology/ sociology- morality, rites of passage, caste systems Politics- socialism, capitalism, totalitarianism Religion- indulgences, burial of dead, marriages, devotional offerings Biology- emergence, modification, extinction BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Definition: An inheritable change in a species over time, usually as a result of natural selection The successive changes in allele composition and allele frequency in a population as regulated by mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and selection pressure Species: a group of interbreeding individuals capable of producing fertile offspring (cannot be used to define bacterial species) BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Population vs Gene pool: Population: a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time and potentially capable of interbreeding. Gene pool: the total diversity of genes present in a population at any given time. Evolution Darwin…who was he? Born in Shrewsbury, England A naturalist 5 year journey on the Beagle exploring natural history Spent 20 years gathering evidence to support his theory of evolution Published findings in 1859 Evolution Who and what influenced Darwin’s ideas? Lamarck: Evolution through acquired characteristics Henslow: Established Darwin’s credibility in the scientific community Lyell: Wrote Principles of Geology, which presented the idea that present-day geological processes can explain the history of the earth. Evolution Malthus: Human populations are able to increase faster than the food supply. They do not grow unchecked due to war, famine and disease. Darwin applied this to populations kept low due to a struggle for existence, where only the strong survive. This idea helped form the theory of Natural Selection Evolution Wallace: Wrote a paper describing evolution by natural selection, independent and unknowing of Darwin’s research. Asked Darwin for help, and Darwin rushed to have his own paper published first. Evolution DARWINS IDEAS: 1. Inherited variation exists within the genes of every species 2. Some individuals are better suited to survive and have more offspring 3. Traits that enable organisms to survive and reproduce spread in that population 4. Evidence from fossils and other sources that living species evolved from extinct organisms. Evolution Evolution