Download crash course: introduction to psychology

HISTORY AND
PERSPECTIVES OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Ms. Tripolone
WHAT IS
PSYCHOLOGY?
CRASH COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo4pMVb0R6M
PSYCHOLOGY
 Psychology (vocab) – the
scientific study of mental
processes and behavior
 Seeks to answer questions
about all of us
 How and why we think, feel,
and act as we do
 Behavior – almost any
activity
 Mental – anything the mind
is capable of
 Goal – to understand human
behavior
WHAT IS
PSYCHOLOGY
USED FOR?
PSYCHOLOGY
 Counseling
 Child rearing
 Study of human interactions and personalities
 Layout of stores
 Colors used to draw attention
 Commercials
 Human development
 Intelligence
 Testing
 ETC.
WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU KNOW
ABOUT THE HUMAN MIND AND
BEHAVIOR? ON THE NEXT SLIDE
READ THE STATEMENTS AND
WRITE WHETHER YOU THINK IT
IS TRUE OR FALSE.
MY THS: TRUE OR FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
It is a myth that most people use only about 10% of their brains.
During your most vivid dreams, your body may be paralyzed.
Psychological stress can cause physical illness.
The color red exists only as a sensation in the brain. There is no
red in the world outside the brain.
Bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder is caused by a conflict in the
unconscious mind.
The newborn child’s mind is essentially a “blank slate” on which
everything he or she will know is “written” by experience.
Everything that happens to us leaves a permanent record in
memory.
You were born with all the brain cells that you will ever have.
Intelligence is a nearly pure genetic trait that is fixed at the same
level throughout a person’s life.
Polygraph (lie detector) devices are remarkably accurate in
detecting physical responses that, in the eye of a trained
examiner, reliably indicate when a suspect is lying.
MY THS ANSWERED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True – We use all parts of our brain every day
True – During REM our voluntary muscles are paralyzed
True – The link between mind and body can make you sick
True – All colors are created in the brain
False – Evidence shows that there is a strong biochemical
component in bipolar
6. False – Newborns have a large amount of built in abilities and
protective reflexes
7. False – No evidence shows that all events of our lives are in
memories
8. False – Some parts create new brain cells throughout life
9. False – Intelligence is the result of both heredity and
environment
10. False – even the most expert polygrapher can incorrectly
classify a truth-teller as a liar or fail to identify a liar
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Early history
Early philosophers try
to answer the questions
of the mind
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
 One of the earliest
debates that continues
today nature vs. nurture
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Other early influences
 Rene Descartes – first
real concept of nerves
 Francis Bacon – a
founder of modern
science
 John Locke – Born as a
“blank slate”
 Charles Darwin – study
of evolution and
natural selection
John Locke
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
Empiricism – the view
that knowledge
originates in experience
and that science
should, therefore rely
on observation and
experimentation
Use of objective vs.
subjective science
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Wilhelm Wundt
 Considered the father of
psychology
 Started the first laboratory to
study human behavior
 William James
 Founder of American
psychology
 Studied how humans adapt
and react to their
environment
 Focused on individual
development
Wilhelm Wundt
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Sigmund Freud
 Developed the idea of
psychoanalysis
 Developed the first
comprehensive theory of
personality
 Believes personality is based
of unconscious desires
 John B. Watson
 Developed the idea of
behaviorism
 Studied the impact of
learning on human behavior
John B Watson
EARLY THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Structuralism – use of introspection to explore
structural elements of the mind (unreliable because
it depended on a person with intrapersonal
intelligence)
 Functionalism – how our mental and behavioral
processes function – how they enable us to adapt,
survive, and flourish
 Experimental Psychology – explore behavior and
thinking with experiments
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Behaviorism – we are the
product of learned associations
and they study behavior without
the reference to mental
processes
 Humanistic – people are
essentially good and of the
potential for personal individual
growth
 Cognitive Neuroscience – the
study of brain activity linked
with mental activity; how we
perceive process and retain
information
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
Biological Psychology – focuses
on physical responses and
reactions in the body
Evolutionary Psychology –
studying behavior based on
natural selection
Cognitive Psychology – the
study of mental activities
associated with thinking,
knowing, remembering, and
communicating
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Psychoanalytical – Freud’s
theory that claims people are
cesspools of desire driven by
sex and aggression hidden in
the unconscious since
childhood
 Psychodynamic Psychology –
modern idea that focuses on
unconscious desires
 Social-cultural – the study of
how culture impacts behavior
and thinking
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
RESEARCHING PSYCHOLOGY
Experimental
Psychologist – conduct
research and gather
information
Applied Psychologist use
the information provided
from the experimental
psychologist
TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGIST
 Biological Psychologists – study links between brain and mind
 Developmental Psychologist – study womb-tomb
 Cognitive Psychologist – study how we perceive, think and
solve problems
 Educational Psychologist – study influences on teaching and
learning
 Social Psychologist – explore how we view and af fect one
another
TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGIST
 Industrial-organization Psychologist – helps
organizations and companies in the
workplace select, train, and manage
employees
 Human Factors Psychologist – focuses on
the interaction between people, machines,
and physical environment
 Counseling Psychologist – help people cope
with problems
 Clinical Psychologist – assess and treats
mental, emotional, and behavior disorders
 Psychiatrist – medical doctors licensed to
practice medicine and prescribe drugs