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Transcript
Big Al’s Big Oceans A brief glance at oceanography by Alexander Rozek What is oceanography From the Greek words ‘ωκεανός’, meaning ocean and γράφω, meaning to write, oceanography (also known as oceanology) is the study off all aspects of saline bodies of water on earth including waves, marine biology and ocean currents. • Oceanography can be loosely grouped into four categories: Chemical oceanography/ marine chemistry Biological oceanography/ Marine biology Oceanography Geological oceanography/ marine geology Physical oceanography/ marine physics Biological Oceanography • Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. • Marine biology is of great importance because marine flora and fauna play large role in the oxygen cycle. Ocean water can undergo photolysis and introduce O2 into the atmosphere. • As we know marine resources are very valuable. They provide food, energy and leisure for us. Marine Reptiles • Some reptiles have become specially adapted to cope with the salinity of sea water. Examples include marine iguanas, sea snakes, sea turtles and saltwater crocodiles. The Marine Iguana Marine Iguana cont. • Amblyrhynchus cristatus (blunt snouted and crested) • When Charles Darwin first saw the Marine Iguana he commented: “The black Lava rocks on the beach are frequented by large (2-3 ft), disgusting clumsy Lizards. They are as black as the porous rocks over which they crawl & seek their prey from the Sea. I call them 'imps of darkness'. They assuredly well become the land they inhabit”” Marine Iguana cont. • The Marine Iguana is distinct from other iguanas because it has a special gland in its snout which filters salt from its blood. The salt then solidifies and is sneezed out by the Iguana. This gland allows the marine iguana to take advantage of the rock algae and seaweed that grows in the ocean. The fact that the Iguana has a flat snout and sharp teeth, allows it to scrape the algae off the rocks Marine iguanas of the Galapagos islands - BBC wildlife • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tO_9zm9tsCs Sea Turtles • The majority of sea turtles belong to the family Cheloniidae, however, the leatherback turtle is the only extant member of the family Dermochelyidae. • Leatherback turtles make some of the longest migrations in the natural world. It was recored that one individual swam from Indonesia to the USA. This journey was over20 ,000 km (12,000 mi) long and lasted some 647 days. • Leatherbacks follow their jellyfish prey throughout the day, resulting in turtles "preferring" deeper water in the daytime, and shallower water at night (when the jellyfish rise up the water column). The Leatherback Turtle Leatherback Turtle • The main threat to leatherback turtle populations around the globe is egg collections. This practice still occurs today, particularly in. • In Southeast Asia, egg harvesting in countries such as Thailand and Malaysia has led to a near-total collapse of local nesting populations. In Malaysia, where the turtle is practically locally extinct, the eggs are considered a delicacy. In the Caribbean, some cultures consider the eggs to be aphrodisiacs. • By reducing populations of leatherback turtles, the population of jellyfish has increased exponentially. Leatherback Turtle laying eggs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-UJ7eJE5JM&feature=related Geological Oceanography • Marine geology generally refers to “the study of the sea floor; of the sediments, rocks, and structures beneath the sea floor; and of the processes that are responsible for their formation.” • As we know the ocean can be up to 11,000m deep (the Marianas Trench). Because of this great depth, much of the ocean and sea floors have never been viewed by the human eye. • Most of the knowledge and understanding of the ocean floor, that we have today has come from surface ships using remote-sensing geophysical techniques, and more recently by the use of satellite observations. Alfred Wegener • A marine geologist that we have all heard of if Alfred Wegener, the man responsible for the creation of the theory of plate tectonics. • Much of the evidence used in Wegener’s theory of plate tectonics forms the basic of today study of marine geology i.e. sea floor spreading and ocean trenches. Technology and Techniques • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evrlnLAvOhI&feature=relmfu Thanks for watching! Next Week… “I’m Not Banksy” by Mr Eynon