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Chemistry of life Why is chemistry important to biology? • All organisms are made of matter Why is chemistry important to biology? • In order to understand life processes, we must understand matter and its properties. Why is chemistry important to biology? • Life functions depend upon chemistry. – For example: metabolism Why is chemistry important to biology? • Many of our everyday experiences depend upon chemistry. – For example: Making kool aid or sweet tea. Matter • Anything that takes up space – Examples: Your desk! – Non-examples: true vacuum (not what you clean your house with) Element • a substance made up of atoms that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions • Where can we find elements? – Gold, air • Where are elements listed? – Periodic table • How are elements identified? – Atomic number – protons • How many elements are essential to living? – Carbon being important to humans • What four elements make up 96% of the human body? – Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen • What are elements that are only required in small amounts called? – Trace elements Atoms • Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element • Atoms contain: 1. protons 2. neutrons 3. electrons Structure of an atom • Nucleus surrounded by electron cloud • How do you find the number of protons in an atom? – Atomic number • How do you find the number of electrons in an atom? – Atomic number • How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? – Atomic mass – atomic number • Can two elements have the same number of protons? – no Chemical Reactions • Occur when reactants interact and change their composition by forming or breaking bonds, producing new products – Involved in metabolism in biology Acids and Bases Acid What is its pH? 0-6 What kind of ions does it form? H+ Example: Base What is its pH? 8-14 What kind of ions does it form? OHExample: • Which is a stronger acid pH 2 or pH 5? • Which is a stronger base pH 8 or pH 12? Water Why is it important? • Four reasons why……………… – Polar solvent – Resists temperature changes – Expands when freezing, ice floats – Hydrogen bonding • weak bonds that can be very strong together and causing capillary motion and surface tension Polar