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International Workshop on
Transportation and the
Clean Development
Mechanism
Jodi Browne, IISD
August 25, 2004 - Santiago, Chile
Transport and Climate Change
Transport

Emissions
Climate Change
The transport sector is responsible for ~ 25% of
CO2 emissions worldwide, and this contribution
is increasing
 Key factors




Travel activity (vehicle kilometers traveled)
Mode split
Vehicle energy intensity
Fuel carbon content
Transport & Climate Change

The rate of increase
of CO2 emissions
from transport is
much higher in
developing countries
than developed
countries.
Developing country growth = 3.2% per year
Developed country growth = 1% per year
(World Energy Outlook, 2001)
Developing World Context
Doubling of developing cities
urban population by 2030
2 billion new residents
X
6 trillion additional vehicle kms/yr
=
~600 billion additional liters of gasoline/yr
or ~1.9 billion tonnes of GHG yearly
Energy Sector GHG Emissions 1998
Commercial
9%

Agricultural
1%
Transport
33%
Manufacturing
23%
Electricity
34%
In Chile,
transportation
represents 2nd
largest source of
GHG emissions
in the energy
sector approximately
33%
Transport Emissions in Chile
Airplanes
9%
Buses
10%
Ships
13%
Cars &
Light
Trucks
36%
Heavy
Trucks
22%
Taxis
10%
Climate Change Context

Kyoto Protocol:
establishes reductions
for industrialized
countries, for the
period of 2008-2012

Transport has not
received much focus
in international climate
change discussions

Why? Difficult to
quantify…
Clean Development Mechanism

Entry point for developing countries is through
the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Projects take place in developing (host)
countries that reduce GHG emissions, contribute
to sustainable development, and the carbon
reduction credits (CERs) are transferred to
investing country
CDM
PROJECT
CERs
Developing Sustainable Dev’t
Investment Opportunity
Investment
country
New Markets
Tech Transfer
(host)
Investing
country
(purchaser)
Transport & CDM
Of the 100+ projects currently in the CDM pipeline
only 5 are transportation…of those,
none address travel demand

CDM represents a crucial opportunity to develop
a sustainable transportation sector e.g. Chile
- increased funding flows
- enhanced capacity
- expanded technology
Transport & CDM Project: Chile
Project Partners: IISD, CCAP, CC&D, CGTS
Funded by Canadian International Development
Agency (CIDA)
Explore the potential to reduce GHGs and
promote transportation CDM projects in Chile
Potential for replication:
 Help establish precedent for
assessing transportation
projects for CDM potential
Project Goals


Examine and address methodological hurdles
to CDM projects in the Transport Sector
Work to share our lessons and build capacity
to develop own projects
Why Chile?

Transport challenges & solutions

Commitment to CDM

Strong modeling capacity

Excellent data
Possible CDM projects currently being examined…
1) Area 10: Technology switch of buses within downtown
area of Santiago
2) Bike Infrastructure: Developing bike lanes, storage,
facilities
3) Location Efficiency: Concentrating mixed-use
developments around metro stations
International Workshop
Day 1: Share results/gain input on initial
results from the project
Day 2: Showcase
examples & lessons from
other countries
Day 3: Move the
Transport and
CDM/climate change
discussion forward
Gracias!
http://www.iisd.org/climate/south/ctp.asp