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DISCUSSION OF VOLUNTARY MEASURES TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS Fresno Council of Governments November 29, 2007 Purpose/Overview Get INPUT from local agencies and interested parties Background/Sources of Greenhouse Gases CA Legislation and the Attorney General Proposed measures Next Steps The Greenhouse Effect Source: U.S. EPA State and Local Climate Change Outreach Kit, March 2000 Human Activities Can Intensify The Greenhouse Effect Transportation Utilities Industry Source: U.S. EPA State and Local Climate Change Outreach Kit, March 2000 Potential Climate Change Impacts Health Air Quality - Respiratory Illness Weather-related Mortality Climate Changes Temperature Increase Precipitation Patterns and Extremes Infectious and Tropical Diseases Agriculture Crop Yields Irrigation Demands Forests Forest Composition Geographic Range of Forests Forest Health and Productivity Water Resources Sea Level Rise Source: Anne Grambsch, 1998 Water Supply Water Quality Competition for Water Coastal Areas Erosion of Beaches Inundation of Coastal Wetlands Additional Costs to Protect Coastal Communities Species and Natural Areas Loss of Habitat and Species Em issions/Capita (m etric ton s CO 2 /person) Carbon Intensities for California And Selected States - 1995 35 30 Te x a s 25 20 O h io U n ite d S ta te s C a lifo rn ia Pe n n s y lv a n ia S o u th D a k o ta 15 C o n n e c tic u t 10 Id a h o V ermont 5 D .C . M a s s a c h u s e tts R h o d e Is la n d - 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 E m i ssi o n s/ G S P (m e tri c to n s C O 2 / th o u sa n d 1 9 9 9 U . S . d o l l a rs) GSP indicates Gross State Product Source: Draft Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update, California Energy Commission, 2001 1999 California Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hydrofluorocarbons Nitrous Oxide 2% 6% Methane 8% Carbon Dioxide 84% Source: 1997 Global Climate Change, CEC Sources • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fossil fuels, including transportation & electricity • Methane Fossil fuels Landfills, agriculture • Nitrous Oxide Agriculture, cars • Hydrofluorocarbons Refrigerants, solvents Source: Draft Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update, California Energy Commission, 2001 In CO2 equivalents Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32) AB 32 in RTPs & General Plans Comments by Attorney General on Draft EIRs for County General Plans and Regional Transportation Plans (RTPs) San Bernardino County Settlement with AG over General Plan Challenges SB 375 and other legislation CTC Regional Transportation Plan Guideline Recommendations Meeting with the Attorney General and Fresno COG Held on September 13th to discuss possible voluntary actions to reduce greenhouse gases Participants included Fresno COG jurisdictions, Caltrans, BIA, several public groups Attorney General’s Proposals to Fresno COG Adopt Climate Action Plan Education & Outreach Programs Green Construction Policy in RTP Allocate Maximum Possible Funds in Future RTPs to Projects That Reduce VMT & Energy Use Select GHG Projects for 2008 “One Voice” Convert all Traffic/RR crossing Signals to LED Lighting Climate Change Plan Examples SANDAG Develop within 3 years Includes Inventory GHG emissions per capita Enforceable measures to reduce GHGs San Bernardino Develop within 30 months Education/Outreach Fresno COG website Transportation Forum Article in recent newsletter Workshop sponsorships Other ideas? Construction Materials Use the minimum feasible amount of GHG emitting construction materials (cement, asphalt, etc.); Use cement blended with the maximum feasible amount of flyash or other materials that reduce GHG emissions from cement production and use; Use asphalt with light colored additives and chemical additives that increase reflectivity and therefore reduce contribution to the heat island effect; Require recycling of construction debris to maximum extent feasible Construction Vehicles Beginning in 2009, all off-road construction vehicles should be alternative fuel vehicles, or dieselpowered vehicles with Tier 3 or better engines or equivalent retrofits Funding Priorities Identify and solicit from local entities new projects that would reduce vehicle miles traveled and/or energy use Allocate the maximum amount of funding to this type of projects in the next RTP Identify projects that reduce GHGs for the next One Voice trip Use of LED Technology Add Projects to RTP to Convert All Traffic Signals and RR Crossings to LED Lighting Benefits include: More efficient Lower energy use Longer lifespan Reduced maintenance costs Land Use/Landscaping Blueprint Include goals, objectives, and performance measures to address greenhouse gases, energy use and VMT reduction Incorporate planting of shade trees into construction projects where feasible SANDAG Mitigation Measures Incorporate state laws on VMT reduction and climate change into future RTPs Work to increase number of Alternative Fuel Vehicles Increase number of vanpools Support Clean Transportation Program Give preference to alternative formulations of cement and asphalt Purchase new buses that have lower GHG emissions ARB Early Action Measures See handout Other Measures Being Discussed… Regional Transportation Plans Incorporate Blueprint process Perform GHG analysis, including VMT Alternative pricing scenarios Biennial reporting by MPO on GHG progress Performance measures/reporting High-density developments that reduce vehicle trips and utilize public transit Parking spaces for high-occupancy vehicles and car-share programs Limits on parking Other Measures Being Discussed (continued)… Transportation impact fees on developments to fund public transit service Regional transportation centers where various types of public transportation meet Energy efficient design for buildings, appliances, lighting and office equipment Solar panels, water reuse systems and onsite renewable energy production Methane recovery in landfills and wastewater treatment plants to generate electricity Carbon emissions credit purchases that fund alternative energy projects Resources ICLEI Cool Cities http://coolcities.us/ Pew Center for Global Climate Change http://www.iclei.org/ http://www.pewclimate.org ARB Climate Change Portal http://climatechange.ca.gov/ NEXT STEPS Adoption of Greenhouse Gas Measures by Fresno COG Policy Board Discussion of how to proceed with other SJV Metropolitan Planning Organizations