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PATIL PRAVIN & NITIN GAWALI
Environmental Imbalance
9th
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culminates in the from
climate change. These activities some time may result in
desertification, deforestation, flooding and pollution of
the water tables and myriads of other challenges.
Whether we agree or not, the challenges we have as a
resultant impact of our activities culminate in the climate
change and the other environmental problems we are
faced with. It is fast becoming very evident that humans
have caused most of the past century’s warming through
the release of heat - trapping gases called green house
gases, as we power our modern lives. Their levels are
higher now than in the last 650,000 years. It must be
recalled that excessive carbon dioxide generated through
human activities released into the atmosphere causes
global warming and this result in the increase of the heat
budget of our planet, this however climate change.
have violated the environment. And at some other time it may be an experience quite different
Climate change: An environmental imbalance
By Segun Imohiosen
environment has been placed
serious siege for too long due
threat posed by human activitie
paradox in this regard is so pro
that it is almost as if there is goin
possibly no way out of the chal
Human activities in terms of que
more meaningful life by way of r
and advancement in technology
doubt accounted
Our
Environmental Imbalance
• How the environmental imbalance is
created ?1.What is green house effect?
2. What are the reasons of the green
house effect?
How to control the green house effect?
Effect on EARTH
IMPACT ON LIVING THINGS
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• What is Global Warming?
• Everybody is talking about "climate change" and "global warming".
But what is global warming, actually?
• more
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• What Is The Greenhouse Effect?
• Seen from space, our atmosphere is but a tiny layer of gas around a
huge bulky planet. But it is this gaseous outer ring and its
misleadingly called greenhouse effect that makes life on Earth
possible – and that could destroy life as we know it.
• What Is The Greenhouse Effect?
• Seen from space, our atmosphere is but a
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tiny layer of gas around a huge bulky
planet. But it is this gaseous outer ring
and its misleadingly called greenhouse
effect that makes life on Earth possible –
and that could destroy life as we know it.
The Greenhouse Effect (click image to
download graphic)
• Global warming causes and effects at a glance
• The Greenhouse Effect (click image to download
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graphic)
Global warming causes and effects at a glance
The sun is the Earth’s primary energy source, a burning
star so hot that we can feel its heat from over 150
million kilometers away. Its rays enter our atmosphere
and shower upon on our planet. About one third of this
solar energy is reflected back into the universe by
shimmering glaciers, water and other bright surfaces.
Two thirds, however, are absorbed by the Earth,
warming land, oceans, and atmosphere.
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Much of this heat radiates back out into space, but some of it is stored in the atmosphere. This process is called the greenhouse effect. Without it, the Earth’s average
temperature would be a chilling -18 degrees Celsius, even despite the sun’s constant energy supply.
• In a world like this, life on Earth would probably have never
emerged from the sea. Thanks to the greenhouse effect, however,
heat emitted from the Earth is trapped in the atmosphere, providing
us with a comfortable average temperature of 14 degrees.
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• Sunrays enter the glass roof and walls of a greenhouse. But once
they heat up the ground, which, in turn, heats up the air inside the
greenhouse, the glass panels trap that warm air and temperatures
increase. But our planet has no glass walls; the only thing that
comes close to acting as such is our atmosphere. But unfortunately,
in here, processes are way more complicated.
• Picture Gallery (click the image to start)
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Arctic Meltdown: See how global warming is changing the North Pole
Picture Gallery (click the image to start)
Arctic Meltdown: See how global warming is changing the North Pole
Like a radiator in space
Only about half of all solar energy that reaches the Earth is infrared radiation and
causes immediate warming when passing the atmosphere. The other half is of a
higher frequency, and only translates into heat once it hits Earth and is later reflected
back into space as waves of infrared radiation.
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• This transformation of solar radiation in to infrared radiation is crucial, because
infrared radiation can be absorbed by the atmosphere. So, on a cold and clear night,
parts of this infrared radiation that would normally dissipate into space get caught up
in the Earth’s atmosphere. And like a radiator in the middle of a room, our
atmosphere radiates this heat into all directions.
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• Parts of this heat are finally sent out in the
frozen nothingness of space, parts of it are sent
back to Earth where they step up global
temperatures. Just how much warmer it gets
down here depends on how much energy is
absorbed up there– and this, in turn, depends
on the atmosphere’s composition.
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The switch from carbon dioxide to oxygen
• Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon make up 98
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percent of the Earth’s atmosphere. But they do
not absorb significant amounts of infrared
radiation, and thus do not contribute to the
greenhouse effect. It is the more exotic
components like water vapour, carbon dioxide,
ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and
chlorofluorocarbons that absorb heat and thus
increase atmospheric temperatures.
Studies indicate that until some 2.7
billion years ago, there was so much
carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane in
our atmosphere that average
temperatures on Earth were as high
as 70 degrees. But bacteria and
plants slowly turned CO2 into oxygen
and the concentration of CO2 in our
current atmosphere dropped to just
about 0.038 percent or 383 parts per
million (ppm), a unit of measurement
used for very low concentrations of
• Picture Gallery (click the image to
start)
warming picture
----------------------------------------------------Picture Gallery (click
ge to start)
Gallery (click the image
Gallery (click the image
http://static.how stuffworks.com/gif/acidrain-1a.jpg
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‘The Ozone’ What?
•June 26, 2008 • No Comments What is it?
Basically the OZONE LAYER is just a layer of the earth’s atmosphere, but it has an
important job. It absorbs 97-99% of the suns ultraviolet light which is damaging to
all animal and plant life on earth. So from that I think its pretty obvious that the
OZONE LAYER is pretty important.
What Cause Holes in the OZONE LAYER?
There are quite a few reasons why there are holes in the OZONE LAYER and I have
listed a few of them:
The first might sound quite strange but it plays a significant role in causing holes in
the OZONE LAYER. Its volcanic eruptions! When a volcano erupts it produces quite a
lot of aerosols which are released into the lower atmosphere. The CFC’s from the
atmosphere are what causes the holes in the OZONE LAYER. However, because well
more than half of a volcanic plume is water vapour most of the other compounds get
‘rained-out’ of the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases are another cause for the holes in the OZONE LAYER. These gases
can heat the planet and change weather patterns.
Holes in the OZONE LAYER are over all caused by gases containing chlorine and
bromine.
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It’s not actually a hole, y’know.
•June 20, 2008 • No Comments The Hole in the Ozone Layer
By Claire Crutchley 10SCO
Most of us will have heard talk of the “hole” in the ozone layer from television, our
parents, the news. In this blog I am going to talk about & explain a little bit more
about what this term actually means & what it means to us.
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• Discovered in 1839 by a Swiss chemist, Christian Friedrich Schonbein, ozone is a
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triatomic molecule, that is, it consists of three oxygen atoms. Ozone is present
throughout our Earth’s atmosphere & can be both helpful & unhelpful. Upper
atmosphere ozone absorbs 93-99% harmful UV light. Without this filtration, there
would be an increase of skin cancer & various biological harm to animals & humans.
However, ground-level ozone is an air-pollutant.
Source A: the regions of the atmosphere
• As time has passed, the amount of ozone in the atmosphere has
dropped. This decline in ozone levels (or ozone depletion ) can
be confirmed by two observations: a decline in the amount of
ozone in the Earth’s stratosphere, & an even larger decrease in
stratospheric ozone over the polar regions – the ozone hole.
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• The term that we are probably most familiar with is “the ozone
layer”. This refers to a region in the stratosphere (the second
major layer of our Earth’s atmosphere) where the highest levels
of ozone exist – about 91%!
• The “hole” in this layer is not actually a hole, technically
speaking. It is simply a thinner area of this layer in the Antarctic
stratosphere where the ozone levels have dropped. The hole
was first discovered by three BAS scientists named Joseph
Farman, Brian Gardiner & Jonathon Shanklin.
• The hole occurs during a polar vortex (or
cyclone) during the Antarctic spring, lasting
from September to December. Although a
polar vortex is a natural process, the ozone
destruction that takes place during this period
is a chemical process & is mostly due to
human actions.
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use of CFCs (Chloroflurocarbons). These are compounds containing no
hydrogen that are used mainly in the production of cleaning solvents,
refrigerants, propellants, aerosols, coolants & so on. The release of compounds
such as these containing chlorine or bromine is devastating to our ozone levels.
While it’s true that natural sources such as volcanoes & oceans release large
amounts of chlorine, this chlorine is easy dissolved & washes out of our
atmosphere through rain. By contrast, chlorine released from man-made CFCs
cannot be broken down in the lower atmosphere.
• Ironically, CFCs were originally used in such high quantities because
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they were not thought to be dangerous. First used for cleaning
electronic circuit-boards, CFCs are man-made chemicals that are very
useful, but are a seriously dangerous pollutant. The problem we face
now is that for it took us a long time to realize their effects, & during
that time the CFCs were built up to levels that will take decades to
erase, even if we immediately stop producing them altogether.
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http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/HTML/Volume1/08Environmental.htm#_
Toc490564699
http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/HTML/Volume1/0
8Environmental.htm#_Toc490564699
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In the past, research in environmental epidemiology and toxicology
has often been based on limited information. New knowledge about
the interactions between specific genetic variations among
individuals and specific environmental factors provides enormous
opportunity for further developing modifications in environmental
exposures that contribute to disease. Further research is needed to
address these and other problems and to improve the science and
management of health effects on people exposed to environmental
hazardsIssues
• Because the impact of the environment on human health is so great, protecting the
environment has long been a mainstay of public health practice. National, State, and
local efforts to ensure clean air and safe supplies of food and water, to manage
sewage and municipal wastes, and to control or eliminate vector-borne illnesses have
contributed a great deal to improvements in public health in the United States.
Unfortunately, in spite of the billions of dollars spent to manage and clean up
hazardous waste sites in the Nation each year, little money has been spent evaluating
the health risks associated with chronic, low-level exposures to hazardous
substances. This imbalance results in an inadequate amount of useful information to
evaluate and manage these sites effectively and to evaluate the health status of
people who live near the sites.
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