Earth Science - 8th Grade - West Ottawa Public Schools
... and biosphere and have important impacts on human health. ...
... and biosphere and have important impacts on human health. ...
Carbon cycle modelling and the residence time of natural
... Callendar (1949) repeated this fact, but went on to say: "As the deep waters of the sea move slowly and only shallow contact surface is involved in the carbon-dioxide equilibrium, this reservoir does not immediately control a sudden eruption of the gas such as has occurred this century. It will be h ...
... Callendar (1949) repeated this fact, but went on to say: "As the deep waters of the sea move slowly and only shallow contact surface is involved in the carbon-dioxide equilibrium, this reservoir does not immediately control a sudden eruption of the gas such as has occurred this century. It will be h ...
Climate Change of the Arctic and Antarctica.
... Cracks in the Greenland Ice Sheet let one of its aquifers drain to the ocean, new NASA research finds. The aquifers, discovered only recently, are unusual in that they trap large amounts of liquid water within the ice sheet. Until now, scientists did not know what happened to the water stored away i ...
... Cracks in the Greenland Ice Sheet let one of its aquifers drain to the ocean, new NASA research finds. The aquifers, discovered only recently, are unusual in that they trap large amounts of liquid water within the ice sheet. Until now, scientists did not know what happened to the water stored away i ...
Abrupt rise in atmospheric CO2 at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød: in
... the temporal development of its prognostic variables over time as functions of changing boundary conditions, representing the climate forcing. These prognostic variables are (a) carbon (as dissolved inorganic carbon DIC in the ocean), (b) the carbon isotopes δ 13 C, 114 C, and (c) additionally in th ...
... the temporal development of its prognostic variables over time as functions of changing boundary conditions, representing the climate forcing. These prognostic variables are (a) carbon (as dissolved inorganic carbon DIC in the ocean), (b) the carbon isotopes δ 13 C, 114 C, and (c) additionally in th ...
Microsoft Word - geoadv070108_2.doc
... ocean-atmosphere system were already being voiced in Broecker’s work from the 1960s. However, it seems to have been after the publication of the DYE3 ice core record from Greenland (Dansgaard et al. 1982), showing a replication of the earlier Camp Century ice core record, that Broecker realized that ...
... ocean-atmosphere system were already being voiced in Broecker’s work from the 1960s. However, it seems to have been after the publication of the DYE3 ice core record from Greenland (Dansgaard et al. 1982), showing a replication of the earlier Camp Century ice core record, that Broecker realized that ...
Melting snow and ice: a call for action
... cally impossible, from the Himalayas to the Arctic and even in Antarctica, is occurring now. Arctic sea ice has been shown to be more endangered, Greenland runoff has risen to unprecedented rates, and glaciers continue to shrink and disappear. Such changes already have begun to seriously impact wate ...
... cally impossible, from the Himalayas to the Arctic and even in Antarctica, is occurring now. Arctic sea ice has been shown to be more endangered, Greenland runoff has risen to unprecedented rates, and glaciers continue to shrink and disappear. Such changes already have begun to seriously impact wate ...
Did high Neo-Tethys subduction rates contribute to early Cenozoic
... this warming was characterized by a 2 per mil negative shift in marine and terrestrial δ 13 C, referred to as the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene (LPEE) by Komar et al. (2013). This drop in δ 13 C suggests an additional source of depleted CO2 (i.e enriched in 12 C) or/and decreased net organic carbon bu ...
... this warming was characterized by a 2 per mil negative shift in marine and terrestrial δ 13 C, referred to as the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene (LPEE) by Komar et al. (2013). This drop in δ 13 C suggests an additional source of depleted CO2 (i.e enriched in 12 C) or/and decreased net organic carbon bu ...
Understanding the Forecast Second Edition David Archer d
... versus the next, but if the average rainfall in a region changes, that could spell the difference between productive farming and not. A change in the average climate would change the growing season, the frequency of extreme hot events, the distribution of snow and ice, the optimum growth localities ...
... versus the next, but if the average rainfall in a region changes, that could spell the difference between productive farming and not. A change in the average climate would change the growing season, the frequency of extreme hot events, the distribution of snow and ice, the optimum growth localities ...
The positive impact of human CO2 emissions on the survival of life
... about 15,000 years. The increase during the Industrial Age is likely due to a combination of fossil fuel combustion, land- ...
... about 15,000 years. The increase during the Industrial Age is likely due to a combination of fossil fuel combustion, land- ...
Loss of Sea Ice in the Arctic
... performed an analysis of the trends in ice extent for the period 1979–2006 for each month. The results are summarized in Table 1. Some regions (e.g., Central Arctic) have zero trends because they are completely ice covered during the year. In most cases, the trends are negative, indicating that the ...
... performed an analysis of the trends in ice extent for the period 1979–2006 for each month. The results are summarized in Table 1. Some regions (e.g., Central Arctic) have zero trends because they are completely ice covered during the year. In most cases, the trends are negative, indicating that the ...
Regulation of atmospheric CO2 by deep
... content of deep-sea sediments with an ensemble Kalman filter. The resulting calibrated model predicts a mean surface sediment content (32.5 wt%) close to the observed value (34.8 wt%), and a global burial rate of CaCO3 in deep sea sediments of 0.121 PgC yr1, in line with recent budget estimates of ...
... content of deep-sea sediments with an ensemble Kalman filter. The resulting calibrated model predicts a mean surface sediment content (32.5 wt%) close to the observed value (34.8 wt%), and a global burial rate of CaCO3 in deep sea sediments of 0.121 PgC yr1, in line with recent budget estimates of ...
review article Global warming and the stability of the West Antarctic
... prove that at least two of the ice streams move over a boundary layer of unconsolidated, water-saturated sediment up to several metres thick which lubricates their motion. This layer is proposed to be deformable till that is connected to the ice above. Movement of the ice is supposed to be controlle ...
... prove that at least two of the ice streams move over a boundary layer of unconsolidated, water-saturated sediment up to several metres thick which lubricates their motion. This layer is proposed to be deformable till that is connected to the ice above. Movement of the ice is supposed to be controlle ...
REPORT CARD Sea-Level Rise 2012
... that is sufficiently deep to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography. An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau. Today there are only two polar ice sheets, in Greenland and Antarctica, which together contain more than 60 m of sea level equivalent. During glacial periods ther ...
... that is sufficiently deep to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography. An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau. Today there are only two polar ice sheets, in Greenland and Antarctica, which together contain more than 60 m of sea level equivalent. During glacial periods ther ...
1 CONTENTS Overall course learning goals for GEOL 1010: 1st draft
... 5. Students will understand that the Earth's outer layer comprises a dozen or so mostly rigid plates that move relative to one another and are recycled and renewed over geologic time by subduction and sea-floor spreading. Earth materials and the rock cycle 1. Students will understand the fundamental ...
... 5. Students will understand that the Earth's outer layer comprises a dozen or so mostly rigid plates that move relative to one another and are recycled and renewed over geologic time by subduction and sea-floor spreading. Earth materials and the rock cycle 1. Students will understand the fundamental ...
The first complete inventory of the local glaciers and ice caps on
... We selected 73 of the most suitable (with minimum seasonal snow, and largely cloud free) Landsat scenes available from the glovis.usgs.gov archive, focussing on Landsat 7 ETM+ scenes (1999–2002) dating from before the failure of the scan line corrector (SLC) in 2003 (Table S1 and Fig. S1). Seasonal ...
... We selected 73 of the most suitable (with minimum seasonal snow, and largely cloud free) Landsat scenes available from the glovis.usgs.gov archive, focussing on Landsat 7 ETM+ scenes (1999–2002) dating from before the failure of the scan line corrector (SLC) in 2003 (Table S1 and Fig. S1). Seasonal ...
The first complete inventory
... We selected 73 of the most suitable (with minimum seasonal snow, and largely cloud free) Landsat scenes available from the glovis.usgs.gov archive, focussing on Landsat 7 ETM+ scenes (1999–2002) dating from before the failure of the scan line corrector (SLC) in 2003 (Table S1 and Fig. S1). Seasonal ...
... We selected 73 of the most suitable (with minimum seasonal snow, and largely cloud free) Landsat scenes available from the glovis.usgs.gov archive, focussing on Landsat 7 ETM+ scenes (1999–2002) dating from before the failure of the scan line corrector (SLC) in 2003 (Table S1 and Fig. S1). Seasonal ...
Carbon and Climate System Coupling on Timescales from
... conditions and later in both oxic and anoxic environments. Geological constraints on the composition of the atmosphere of the early Earth were somewhat limited of course, but a number of lines of evidence suggest that it was considerably more reduced than present conditions, with no free atmospheric ...
... conditions and later in both oxic and anoxic environments. Geological constraints on the composition of the atmosphere of the early Earth were somewhat limited of course, but a number of lines of evidence suggest that it was considerably more reduced than present conditions, with no free atmospheric ...
West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core
... WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) Divide is a United States deep ice coring project in West Antarctica funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). WAIS Divide’s goal is to examine the last ~100,000 years of Earth’s climate history by drilling and recovering a deep ice core from the ice divide in ...
... WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) Divide is a United States deep ice coring project in West Antarctica funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). WAIS Divide’s goal is to examine the last ~100,000 years of Earth’s climate history by drilling and recovering a deep ice core from the ice divide in ...
polar ice sheets and climate change: GLOBAL impActs
... solar radiation. These small effects are amplified by processes such as changes in the reflectivity of the ground when covered by ice or snow (albedo feedback), and alterations in the concentration of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) in the atmosphere through interactions with the ocean and biosphe ...
... solar radiation. These small effects are amplified by processes such as changes in the reflectivity of the ground when covered by ice or snow (albedo feedback), and alterations in the concentration of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) in the atmosphere through interactions with the ocean and biosphe ...
Nickel Laterite Ore Deposits: Weathered
... deposits in New Caledonia, and the saprolite (boulder ore) consists of millimetre- to decimetre-scale blocks, with the intensity of weathering increasing from core to margin. Partly weathered primary lizardite, in which Mg has been exchanged by Ni, is a significant host mineral in many deposits (Gol ...
... deposits in New Caledonia, and the saprolite (boulder ore) consists of millimetre- to decimetre-scale blocks, with the intensity of weathering increasing from core to margin. Partly weathered primary lizardite, in which Mg has been exchanged by Ni, is a significant host mineral in many deposits (Gol ...
GEOGRAPHY
... the contact belt between forest-steppe and steppe (the right banks of the rivers Korocha, Valuy, and Tihaya Sosna, and the basin of the river Oskol); other parts of the transect have low percentage of the forested land (4–7%) within all phytogeographical zonal belts. Large planted pine stands are si ...
... the contact belt between forest-steppe and steppe (the right banks of the rivers Korocha, Valuy, and Tihaya Sosna, and the basin of the river Oskol); other parts of the transect have low percentage of the forested land (4–7%) within all phytogeographical zonal belts. Large planted pine stands are si ...
Deglacial impact of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet on the North Atlantic climate system Francesco Muschitiello
... 7.2. Sensitivity of the Scandinavian ice Sheet to volcanic forcing.....................................................................30 7.3. Unpublished data sets....................................................................................................................................... ...
... 7.2. Sensitivity of the Scandinavian ice Sheet to volcanic forcing.....................................................................30 7.3. Unpublished data sets....................................................................................................................................... ...
Ice Information Services:
... show that Arctic ice is decreasing in both thickness and extent. Over the next 20 years, the volume of Arctic sea ice is predicted to decrease a further 40%, and the lateral extent of sea ice to be reduced by at least 20% in summer. Climate models indicate the summertime disappearance of the Arctic ...
... show that Arctic ice is decreasing in both thickness and extent. Over the next 20 years, the volume of Arctic sea ice is predicted to decrease a further 40%, and the lateral extent of sea ice to be reduced by at least 20% in summer. Climate models indicate the summertime disappearance of the Arctic ...
Links between early Holocene ice-sheet decay
... Another cooling event with a lower amplitude and duration (Fig. 2a), but with a comparable spatial extent, has been identified around 9.2 kyr bp34. A recent study has suggested that vastly smaller amounts of freshwater (4 × 1012 m3, ~0.15 Sv if it occurred in one year), beyond the resolution of sea ...
... Another cooling event with a lower amplitude and duration (Fig. 2a), but with a comparable spatial extent, has been identified around 9.2 kyr bp34. A recent study has suggested that vastly smaller amounts of freshwater (4 × 1012 m3, ~0.15 Sv if it occurred in one year), beyond the resolution of sea ...
Glacial Variability Over the Last Two Million Years: An Extended
... glacial variability. Major deglaciation features are identified over the last 2 Ma and a remarkable 33 out of 36 occur when Earth’s obliquity is anomalously large. During the early Pleistocene deglaciations occur nearly every obliquity cycle giving a 40 Ka timescale, while late Pleistocene deglaciat ...
... glacial variability. Major deglaciation features are identified over the last 2 Ma and a remarkable 33 out of 36 occur when Earth’s obliquity is anomalously large. During the early Pleistocene deglaciations occur nearly every obliquity cycle giving a 40 Ka timescale, while late Pleistocene deglaciat ...