Methane, the Gakkel Ridge and human survival.
... Earth it could not be called a rare occurrence. I have selected one of these events to illustrate what happens, Fig. 5. It shows in three graphs the relationship between methane, carbon dioxide and temperature. Time is measured from left to right. First there is a steep jump in CO2 without much impa ...
... Earth it could not be called a rare occurrence. I have selected one of these events to illustrate what happens, Fig. 5. It shows in three graphs the relationship between methane, carbon dioxide and temperature. Time is measured from left to right. First there is a steep jump in CO2 without much impa ...
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Chapter 11 Antarctica and Neogene
... Over the last 40 years, numerous studies have used sediment cores recovered from the ocean floor to examine the history of the Earth’s climate during the Cenozoic (the last 65 million years). Many of these studies have identified changes in the Earth’s climate during the Cenozoic and have invoked co ...
... Over the last 40 years, numerous studies have used sediment cores recovered from the ocean floor to examine the history of the Earth’s climate during the Cenozoic (the last 65 million years). Many of these studies have identified changes in the Earth’s climate during the Cenozoic and have invoked co ...
Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events
... We have previously argued that the Antarctic and subarctic North Pacific are stratified during ice ages, causing to a large degree the observed low CO2 levels of ice age atmospheres by sequestering respired CO2 in the ocean abyss. Here, we suggest a mechanism for the major deglaciations of the late ...
... We have previously argued that the Antarctic and subarctic North Pacific are stratified during ice ages, causing to a large degree the observed low CO2 levels of ice age atmospheres by sequestering respired CO2 in the ocean abyss. Here, we suggest a mechanism for the major deglaciations of the late ...
The millennial atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2
... This conclusion has no basis in theory or models of the atmosphere/ocean carbon cycle, which we review here. The largest fraction of the CO2 recovery will take place on time scales of centuries, as CO2 invades the ocean, but a significant fraction of the fossil fuel CO2, ranging in published models ...
... This conclusion has no basis in theory or models of the atmosphere/ocean carbon cycle, which we review here. The largest fraction of the CO2 recovery will take place on time scales of centuries, as CO2 invades the ocean, but a significant fraction of the fossil fuel CO2, ranging in published models ...
Quasi-100 ky glacial-interglacial cycles triggered by - HAL-Insu
... decay and regrowth of vegetation in response to icesheet advance and shrinking on sub-100 ky cycles (next subsection). However, given that the 20 ky and 41 ky cycles are also significantly longer than 14 C half-life, a large part of this carbon pool would be 14 C-dead at deglaciation. If 500 Gt 14 C ...
... decay and regrowth of vegetation in response to icesheet advance and shrinking on sub-100 ky cycles (next subsection). However, given that the 20 ky and 41 ky cycles are also significantly longer than 14 C half-life, a large part of this carbon pool would be 14 C-dead at deglaciation. If 500 Gt 14 C ...
Read the RSP-0276 Final Report
... oceanic circulation, feedback mechanisms) are those that exist within the climate system; for example, internal oscillations in ocean circulation (Mark et al. 2007) which change the heat and moisture transport between regions (Mark et al. 2007). Geological evidence has shown that the northern hemisp ...
... oceanic circulation, feedback mechanisms) are those that exist within the climate system; for example, internal oscillations in ocean circulation (Mark et al. 2007) which change the heat and moisture transport between regions (Mark et al. 2007). Geological evidence has shown that the northern hemisp ...
The Gaia Hypothesis: Fact, Theory, and Wishful
... several biologically mediated processes, including production of dimethyl sulfide by phytoplankton (Charlson et al., 1987) and microbial acceleration of mineral weathering (Schwartzmann and Volk, 1989). This search for Gaian leverage points has proceeded in parallel with a much larger effort by the ...
... several biologically mediated processes, including production of dimethyl sulfide by phytoplankton (Charlson et al., 1987) and microbial acceleration of mineral weathering (Schwartzmann and Volk, 1989). This search for Gaian leverage points has proceeded in parallel with a much larger effort by the ...
Greenland Ice Core Records and Rapid Climate Change Author(s
... and Johnsen et al. 1995). A representsthe Holocenerecord,establishedby counting annual ice layers. B is the recordfrom 10000 years to more than 250000 years, with a chronologyderived from ice flow modelling.is are interstadials. events and changes in the concentration of alkaline dust (Taylor et al. ...
... and Johnsen et al. 1995). A representsthe Holocenerecord,establishedby counting annual ice layers. B is the recordfrom 10000 years to more than 250000 years, with a chronologyderived from ice flow modelling.is are interstadials. events and changes in the concentration of alkaline dust (Taylor et al. ...
SSACgnp.GB2403.JAM1.6 Core Quantitative
... End-of-module assignment After completing each of the spreadsheets in the module, use those same spreadsheets to answer the following questions changing information, values, and units where appropriate: 1. The estimated area of glaciers in North Cascades National Park was 218 km2 in 1900, 117.3 km2 ...
... End-of-module assignment After completing each of the spreadsheets in the module, use those same spreadsheets to answer the following questions changing information, values, and units where appropriate: 1. The estimated area of glaciers in North Cascades National Park was 218 km2 in 1900, 117.3 km2 ...
Greenhouse Effect
... On thousand-year time scales, both the Antarctic and Greenland ice core data show that atmospheric carbon dioxide has fluctuated between 180 to 300 ppm over the glacialinterglacial cycles during the past 650,000 years (Jansen et al., 2007), with close coupling between the carbon dioxide concentratio ...
... On thousand-year time scales, both the Antarctic and Greenland ice core data show that atmospheric carbon dioxide has fluctuated between 180 to 300 ppm over the glacialinterglacial cycles during the past 650,000 years (Jansen et al., 2007), with close coupling between the carbon dioxide concentratio ...
Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the
... during Earth history) and albedo. The distribution of heat at the Earth’s surface is modified by orbital variations and paleogeographic patterns driven by tectonics, which in turn can drive feedbacks that lead to whole-Earth changes in albedo or greenhouse gas forcing. Thus, over multi-million year t ...
... during Earth history) and albedo. The distribution of heat at the Earth’s surface is modified by orbital variations and paleogeographic patterns driven by tectonics, which in turn can drive feedbacks that lead to whole-Earth changes in albedo or greenhouse gas forcing. Thus, over multi-million year t ...
Grinnell Glacier
... End-of-module assignment After completing each of the spreadsheets in the module, use those same spreadsheets to answer the following questions changing information, values, and units where appropriate: 1. The estimated area of glaciers in North Cascades National Park was 218 km2 in 1900, 117.3 km2 ...
... End-of-module assignment After completing each of the spreadsheets in the module, use those same spreadsheets to answer the following questions changing information, values, and units where appropriate: 1. The estimated area of glaciers in North Cascades National Park was 218 km2 in 1900, 117.3 km2 ...
Unit 1 Review, clay minerals, atmosphere and oceans and ancient life
... through the cooling of a magma - a body of molten rock. Some geological materials are liquids at the high temperatures that exist deep within the crust and in the upper part of the mantle. As these magmas rise up through the crust they cool enough so that the minerals within them start to crystalliz ...
... through the cooling of a magma - a body of molten rock. Some geological materials are liquids at the high temperatures that exist deep within the crust and in the upper part of the mantle. As these magmas rise up through the crust they cool enough so that the minerals within them start to crystalliz ...
Earth`s Climate
... reflective than ocean water, so larger ice sheets reflect more sunlight into space, cooling the Earth even more. In turn, this cooling would lead to even more ice than before. This vicious cycle between colder temperatures, ice growth, and sunlight reflection is an example of a feedback loop. Feedba ...
... reflective than ocean water, so larger ice sheets reflect more sunlight into space, cooling the Earth even more. In turn, this cooling would lead to even more ice than before. This vicious cycle between colder temperatures, ice growth, and sunlight reflection is an example of a feedback loop. Feedba ...
OESCHGER, HANS (b. Ottenbach, Zürich, Switzerland, 2 April 1927
... was first measured in the surface layers of the firn (granular snow) on Jungfraujoch in 1962. This technique was then applied to ice samples from Greenland as reported in 1963. The next goal was to date Greenland ice using radiocarbon. This marked the start of a long and fruitful collaboration with ...
... was first measured in the surface layers of the firn (granular snow) on Jungfraujoch in 1962. This technique was then applied to ice samples from Greenland as reported in 1963. The next goal was to date Greenland ice using radiocarbon. This marked the start of a long and fruitful collaboration with ...
Global Change and the Earth System
... 20th century. During the last 100 years human population soared from little more than one to six billion and economic activity increased nearly 10-fold between 1950 and 2000. The world’s population is more tightly connected than ever before via globalisation of economies and information flows. Half ...
... 20th century. During the last 100 years human population soared from little more than one to six billion and economic activity increased nearly 10-fold between 1950 and 2000. The world’s population is more tightly connected than ever before via globalisation of economies and information flows. Half ...
The response of polar sea ice to climate variability and change
... in mean ice thickness observed between the 1950’s and 1990’s based on submarine sonar data (ROTHROCK et al. 1999). In 1997 and 1998, record low ice concentrations were observed in the Beaufort Sea sector of the Arctic Ocean. It is currently not clear to what an extent these observations are already ...
... in mean ice thickness observed between the 1950’s and 1990’s based on submarine sonar data (ROTHROCK et al. 1999). In 1997 and 1998, record low ice concentrations were observed in the Beaufort Sea sector of the Arctic Ocean. It is currently not clear to what an extent these observations are already ...
MODULE 5: ICE AND CLMATE CHANGE
... Students should record their measurements and note that the level of water ...
... Students should record their measurements and note that the level of water ...
Inside Ice – Antarctica and climate change
... This project aims to shed light on how Antarctic glaciological research contributes to our understanding of climate change, from past climate reconstructions to future climate predictions. There is a plethora of contemporary communication about climate change, in practically every medium imaginable. ...
... This project aims to shed light on how Antarctic glaciological research contributes to our understanding of climate change, from past climate reconstructions to future climate predictions. There is a plethora of contemporary communication about climate change, in practically every medium imaginable. ...
Methane, the Clathrate-gun conjecture and a disturbed
... system: setting the agenda to 2030 ] Opening remarks on the carbon cycle There has been a planetary carbon-cycle for a very long time. Carbon in the atmosphere is resident mostly as carbon dioxide (CO2) and this CO2 is in part exchanged over very short time scales, for example seasonally, with sinks ...
... system: setting the agenda to 2030 ] Opening remarks on the carbon cycle There has been a planetary carbon-cycle for a very long time. Carbon in the atmosphere is resident mostly as carbon dioxide (CO2) and this CO2 is in part exchanged over very short time scales, for example seasonally, with sinks ...
Review Is Gaia a Theory, Hypothesis, or a Vision?
... thermophiles, but instead reduced the habitability of the very organisms that participated in the self-regulating system. Hence the thermophile catastrophe (and, analogously, the oxygen catastrophe for anaerobes) belies an airtight conception of self-regulation in service of “whatever is the current ...
... thermophiles, but instead reduced the habitability of the very organisms that participated in the self-regulating system. Hence the thermophile catastrophe (and, analogously, the oxygen catastrophe for anaerobes) belies an airtight conception of self-regulation in service of “whatever is the current ...
shows
... of the causes of the abrupt climate changes in the paleoproxy record, and our very limited progress in modeling these changes. While the paradigmatic abrupt changes, Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events, are millennial, the transitions between warm and cold states occur within decades. We a ...
... of the causes of the abrupt climate changes in the paleoproxy record, and our very limited progress in modeling these changes. While the paradigmatic abrupt changes, Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events, are millennial, the transitions between warm and cold states occur within decades. We a ...
Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis
... that the millennial changes are not interruptions of glacial conditions, but instead that glacial-interglacial and stadial-interstadial changes represent separate, although somewhat related, oscillations, has led some workers to refer to D-O oscillations between warm and cold conditions in the Green ...
... that the millennial changes are not interruptions of glacial conditions, but instead that glacial-interglacial and stadial-interstadial changes represent separate, although somewhat related, oscillations, has led some workers to refer to D-O oscillations between warm and cold conditions in the Green ...
Rain driven by receding ice sheets as a cause of
... [5] In addition to the Younger Dryas, changes in the Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation in response to freshwater flux from melting ice are frequently invoked to explain other past climate changes. Examples include theories proposed for the Dansgaard-Oeschger abrupt warming events during the las ...
... [5] In addition to the Younger Dryas, changes in the Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation in response to freshwater flux from melting ice are frequently invoked to explain other past climate changes. Examples include theories proposed for the Dansgaard-Oeschger abrupt warming events during the las ...