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... (Quaternary Environments of the Eurasian North) (Thiede et al., 2004). Both these programmes were focused on the palaeo-environment of the Arctic region with field work located mainly in Northern Eurasia, Svalbard and Greenland. APEX was developed as a contribution to the International Polar Year (IP ...
... (Quaternary Environments of the Eurasian North) (Thiede et al., 2004). Both these programmes were focused on the palaeo-environment of the Arctic region with field work located mainly in Northern Eurasia, Svalbard and Greenland. APEX was developed as a contribution to the International Polar Year (IP ...
Carbon cycle implications of terrestrial weathering changes since
... Weathering rates due to silicate hydrolysis tend to be considerably slower than from the dissolution of carbonate minerals—it removes on an average of 0.28–0.30 Pg C per year (Amiotte Suchet and Probst 1995)—hence, the effect of atmospheric CO2 consumption by silicate weathering only becomes a signi ...
... Weathering rates due to silicate hydrolysis tend to be considerably slower than from the dissolution of carbonate minerals—it removes on an average of 0.28–0.30 Pg C per year (Amiotte Suchet and Probst 1995)—hence, the effect of atmospheric CO2 consumption by silicate weathering only becomes a signi ...
Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... smaller but highly active biological carbon cycle, and deep layers of carbon-rich sediments. The largest stocks of carbon (~6x107 Pg C) exist in marine sediments, as dispersed organic material trapped in sedimentary rocks, and in carbonate (CaCO3) rocks in the crust, which slowly but significantly e ...
... smaller but highly active biological carbon cycle, and deep layers of carbon-rich sediments. The largest stocks of carbon (~6x107 Pg C) exist in marine sediments, as dispersed organic material trapped in sedimentary rocks, and in carbonate (CaCO3) rocks in the crust, which slowly but significantly e ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... ultimately the oceans, biosphere, and geosphere. The agricultural and technological activities of the rapidly expanding species Homo sapiens are having increasingly profound effects on Earth’s systems. This is particularly true for our atmosphere and climate. There is overwhelming evidence that huma ...
... ultimately the oceans, biosphere, and geosphere. The agricultural and technological activities of the rapidly expanding species Homo sapiens are having increasingly profound effects on Earth’s systems. This is particularly true for our atmosphere and climate. There is overwhelming evidence that huma ...
The Role of Methane in Climate (Change)
... primarily for the logical implications of their conclusions. For example, “A newly discovered CH4 source is not necessarily a changing source, much less a source that is changing in response to Arctic warming. Shakhova et al. do acknowledge these distinctions, but in these times of enhanced scrutiny ...
... primarily for the logical implications of their conclusions. For example, “A newly discovered CH4 source is not necessarily a changing source, much less a source that is changing in response to Arctic warming. Shakhova et al. do acknowledge these distinctions, but in these times of enhanced scrutiny ...
With Speed and Violence Fred Pearce
... sheet that once covered the Arctic was thinning and breaking up. By the end of the 1990s, the Odden tongue was gone. The Gulf Stream water still came north, but it never again got cold enough to form ice. The ice tongue has not returned. "In 1997, the last year that the Odden tongue formed, we found ...
... sheet that once covered the Arctic was thinning and breaking up. By the end of the 1990s, the Odden tongue was gone. The Gulf Stream water still came north, but it never again got cold enough to form ice. The ice tongue has not returned. "In 1997, the last year that the Odden tongue formed, we found ...
Ice Age DA - GDI - 2011
... we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850. There is no doubt that the next little ice age would be much worse than the previous one and much more harmful than anything warming may do. There are many more people now and we have become dependent on a f ...
... we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850. There is no doubt that the next little ice age would be much worse than the previous one and much more harmful than anything warming may do. There are many more people now and we have become dependent on a f ...
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate
... and reduced stratification in the Southern Ocean (Ahn and Brook, 2008). Such CO2 variations are strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature and predate abrupt warmings in Greenland associated with the largest D/O events. Taken together, these results led Knorr and Lohmann (2007) to suggest CO2 in ...
... and reduced stratification in the Southern Ocean (Ahn and Brook, 2008). Such CO2 variations are strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature and predate abrupt warmings in Greenland associated with the largest D/O events. Taken together, these results led Knorr and Lohmann (2007) to suggest CO2 in ...
earth observations and global change
... the impact of changing climate and associated weather events on the health of human populations—from addressing rising sea levels to the accelerated spread of disease? Will we be able to balance the need for a wider array of alternative energy sources with respect to surging energy prices, simultane ...
... the impact of changing climate and associated weather events on the health of human populations—from addressing rising sea levels to the accelerated spread of disease? Will we be able to balance the need for a wider array of alternative energy sources with respect to surging energy prices, simultane ...
Glacial unloading: Forcings, responses and processes Larsen, C.F.
... uplift generally will be much faster than current rates of sea-level rise. For coastal regions with retreating glaciers, impacts from the apparent sea-level fall could range from new coastal navigation hazards and diminished harbors, to biasing any global sea-level rise calculations from the affecte ...
... uplift generally will be much faster than current rates of sea-level rise. For coastal regions with retreating glaciers, impacts from the apparent sea-level fall could range from new coastal navigation hazards and diminished harbors, to biasing any global sea-level rise calculations from the affecte ...
The Karakoram Anomaly? Glacier Expansion and the `Elevation Effect,`
... 5000 and 6000 m. That is 2000–3000 m higher than is generally reported from the tropics (Barry 1992). A few glaciers like the Biafo have extensive, avalanche-free and large accumulation zones. Most others are nourished mainly or wholly by avalanched snow. As with the Barpu–Bualtar system, their abla ...
... 5000 and 6000 m. That is 2000–3000 m higher than is generally reported from the tropics (Barry 1992). A few glaciers like the Biafo have extensive, avalanche-free and large accumulation zones. Most others are nourished mainly or wholly by avalanched snow. As with the Barpu–Bualtar system, their abla ...
Abrupt intensification of ENSO forced by deglacial ice-sheet
... us some confidence in the model’s capability in simulating deglacial climate changes. In terms of the ENSO variation in TRACE, our recent study (Liu et al. 2014) shows a gradual intensification of ENSO in the Holocene, which is qualitatively consistent with most proxy records and lies within the spr ...
... us some confidence in the model’s capability in simulating deglacial climate changes. In terms of the ENSO variation in TRACE, our recent study (Liu et al. 2014) shows a gradual intensification of ENSO in the Holocene, which is qualitatively consistent with most proxy records and lies within the spr ...
Anthropogenic modification of the oceans
... with deeper waters whose temperature remains largely unchanged. Additions of low-salinity water to the locations where surface water usually sinks to depth (traditionally considered the starting points of the thermohaline circulation) also lower density and inhibit sinking. It has therefore been tho ...
... with deeper waters whose temperature remains largely unchanged. Additions of low-salinity water to the locations where surface water usually sinks to depth (traditionally considered the starting points of the thermohaline circulation) also lower density and inhibit sinking. It has therefore been tho ...
Arctic Feedback Loops and Sea Ice Extent
... Arctic sea ice is defined as a thin, fragile, solid, layer that forms and floats in polar oceans. Sea ice forms and melts with the polar seasons. Some Arctic sea ice remains year after year while Antarctic sea ice is “seasonal ice” and melts and reforms each year. Icebergs are not considered sea ice ...
... Arctic sea ice is defined as a thin, fragile, solid, layer that forms and floats in polar oceans. Sea ice forms and melts with the polar seasons. Some Arctic sea ice remains year after year while Antarctic sea ice is “seasonal ice” and melts and reforms each year. Icebergs are not considered sea ice ...
Vanishing Polar Ice Sheets
... in the last 24 m.y. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm in the pre-industrial times to 390 ppm in early 2010. Earth’s atmosphere last had such concentrations ~3 million years ago when geochemical measurements indicate global surface temperature was ~3◦ C warmer than today, and g ...
... in the last 24 m.y. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm in the pre-industrial times to 390 ppm in early 2010. Earth’s atmosphere last had such concentrations ~3 million years ago when geochemical measurements indicate global surface temperature was ~3◦ C warmer than today, and g ...
Clathrate gun hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free
... geological heating, but more thawing is believed to be due to the greatly increased volumes of meltwater being discharged from the Siberian rivers flowing north.[24] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 Mt per year.[25] Shakhova et al. (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 ...
... geological heating, but more thawing is believed to be due to the greatly increased volumes of meltwater being discharged from the Siberian rivers flowing north.[24] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 Mt per year.[25] Shakhova et al. (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 ...
PALSEA2 2016 Workshop: Sea-level budgets at decadal to
... blocks of the crust, occurring with different rates; in some locations, the presence of suboceanic crust type can even be supposed. In the eastern part of the Russian Arctic, the rates of RSL growth or fall were not so dramatic. In spite of the general ASL rise during the Holocene, the collected dat ...
... blocks of the crust, occurring with different rates; in some locations, the presence of suboceanic crust type can even be supposed. In the eastern part of the Russian Arctic, the rates of RSL growth or fall were not so dramatic. In spite of the general ASL rise during the Holocene, the collected dat ...
Climate Investigations Using Ice Sheet and Mass Balance Models
... Code changes that I made to the ice sheet model spurred the development of a secondary program through which new input bedrock topography and climatology grids for the UMISM could be generated. Around the same time, my dissertation funding source shifted to a National Science Foundation ITEST grant ...
... Code changes that I made to the ice sheet model spurred the development of a secondary program through which new input bedrock topography and climatology grids for the UMISM could be generated. Around the same time, my dissertation funding source shifted to a National Science Foundation ITEST grant ...
Gilbert N. Plass: Climate Science in Perspective
... spectrum reaches the surface of the Earth on a clear day with relatively little attenuation since the atmosphere is transparent to most frequencies in the visible. However, in order to have a warm climate, this heat energy must be held near the surface of the Earth and cannot be reradiated to space ...
... spectrum reaches the surface of the Earth on a clear day with relatively little attenuation since the atmosphere is transparent to most frequencies in the visible. However, in order to have a warm climate, this heat energy must be held near the surface of the Earth and cannot be reradiated to space ...
Remote Sensing of Cryosphere
... may be found in many forms, including snow cover, sea ice, freshwater ice, permafrost, and continental ice masses such as glaciers and ice sheets. Snow is precipitation made up of ice particles formed mainly by sublimation (NSIDC, 2011). Ice is the key element in glaciers, ice sheets, ice shelves an ...
... may be found in many forms, including snow cover, sea ice, freshwater ice, permafrost, and continental ice masses such as glaciers and ice sheets. Snow is precipitation made up of ice particles formed mainly by sublimation (NSIDC, 2011). Ice is the key element in glaciers, ice sheets, ice shelves an ...
ExamView - Climate practice test
... If Earth was tilted at 90° the North Pole would feel like the equator on June 21. By December 21st, it would have seen a long period of time with very little heat or light, making habitation very difficult. The spring and fall seasons would be very cold, as the Sun would be always on the horizon at ...
... If Earth was tilted at 90° the North Pole would feel like the equator on June 21. By December 21st, it would have seen a long period of time with very little heat or light, making habitation very difficult. The spring and fall seasons would be very cold, as the Sun would be always on the horizon at ...
Assessing the impact of Laurentide Ice Sheet topography on glacial
... To test the influence of ice-sheet topography on glacial climate, two separate simulations were conducted at each time slice using two alternate reconstructions of LIS topography: one using the geophysically based ICE-5G (5G; Peltier, 2004; CMIP5 ensemble r1i1p150 for the LGM), and the other using t ...
... To test the influence of ice-sheet topography on glacial climate, two separate simulations were conducted at each time slice using two alternate reconstructions of LIS topography: one using the geophysically based ICE-5G (5G; Peltier, 2004; CMIP5 ensemble r1i1p150 for the LGM), and the other using t ...
Impact of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet interactions on climate
... also implemented in AIS, but current Antarctic summer temperatures remain generally below freezing and surface melting is negligible. Because of their very low surface slopes, it is further assumed that any melt water produced on the surface of Antarctic ice shelves refreezes in situ at the end of t ...
... also implemented in AIS, but current Antarctic summer temperatures remain generally below freezing and surface melting is negligible. Because of their very low surface slopes, it is further assumed that any melt water produced on the surface of Antarctic ice shelves refreezes in situ at the end of t ...
To live within Earth`s limits - Australian Academy of Science
... the atmosphere and the oceans – results in the transport of greenhouse gases, aerosols, soot, toxic substances, pollen grains, and organisms around the Earth. Thus, a multitude of local environmental changes have now merged into a set of global environmental changes. The interacting processes underl ...
... the atmosphere and the oceans – results in the transport of greenhouse gases, aerosols, soot, toxic substances, pollen grains, and organisms around the Earth. Thus, a multitude of local environmental changes have now merged into a set of global environmental changes. The interacting processes underl ...
Quantifying climate change induced effects upon glaciers and their
... 3. Quantifying the impact of climate change upon the physical retreat of glaciers Many studies have been undertaken to quantify the rate of glacier retreat, how this has changed over recent history and how this change relates to observed changes in climate. Calculating mass balance remains the prim ...
... 3. Quantifying the impact of climate change upon the physical retreat of glaciers Many studies have been undertaken to quantify the rate of glacier retreat, how this has changed over recent history and how this change relates to observed changes in climate. Calculating mass balance remains the prim ...