* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Climate Change
ExxonMobil climate change controversy wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Climate resilience wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change denial wikipedia , lookup
Climatic Research Unit documents wikipedia , lookup
Climate change adaptation wikipedia , lookup
Fred Singer wikipedia , lookup
Climate governance wikipedia , lookup
German Climate Action Plan 2050 wikipedia , lookup
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate engineering wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in Tuvalu wikipedia , lookup
Media coverage of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate sensitivity wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
Citizens' Climate Lobby wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbon economy wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on Australia wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Politics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Mitigation of global warming in Australia wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
General circulation model wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Attribution of recent climate change wikipedia , lookup
Teaching the Science of Climate Change PART 2 This ppt available on www.vicphysics.org - Teachers Please read the Notes pages for more info Keith Burrows AIP Education Committee STAVCON November 2007 Human induced changes How can we understand it? – Computer models are the only way of taking all this into account. – Use basic physics to calculate movement of heat, air, water, between small blocks of the atmosphere. – Here’s the basic physics: Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – These are just F = ma applied to moving fluids – This is conservation of mass – This governs the way heat flows between systems Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – The climate system is modelled as cells of air (or water) and the equations are applied to see how much air/heat flows between each pair of cells – This is repeated all around the Earth – The models have improved by making the cells smaller – They are now about 110 km square by 1 km high Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – The initial conditions have to be fed into the model and then it generates weather and climate patterns over hours, days, years or centuries! – Here is the result of one: Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – Models are tested to see if they generate past known climate patterns. – They are becoming more and more accurate. over hours, days (7 day forecasts), years or centuries! – Anthropogenic factors can be added/removed The science of climate change Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – The IPCC has just released the AR4 Synthesis Report which contains the most detailed and worrying predictions yet. Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – The IPCC has just released the AR4 Synthesis Report which contains the most detailed and worrying predictions yet. Human induced changes Climate models and their predictions. – The following diagrams are taken from the AR4 Synthesis Report Climate science Overview – Earth’s energy balance – Interactions between emr and the atmosphere – The effect of changes in the system Human induced changes – – – – The release of millions of years of stored energy Is the climate changing? How can we understand it? Climate models and their predictions. What can we do? – – – – Fossil fuels Reduce energy use Lower CO2 options Sustainable options The human response – Sceptics, deniers, avoiders – Change the light bulbs – The need for real change Education – That’s where we come in What can we do? Fossil fuels – We have to reduce them but we are extremely dependant on them What can we do? Fossil fuels – Cutting car use has to be a priority ABS What can we do? Fossil fuels – One of the dirtiest power stations in the world! What can we do? Reduce energy use – Better forms of transport What can we do? Reduce energy use – Better forms of transport – maybe these? What can we do? Reduce energy use – Better forms of transport – certainly these What can we do? Reduce energy use – These are a problem! What can we do? Reduce energy use – This could be fun. Maybe we need to be a bit more relaxed about getting places! What can we do? Lower CO2 options – Sequestration of CO2 from power stations - ? – More efficient coal stations – Combined cycle gas generators What can we do? Lower CO2 options – Nuclear ? What can we do? Sustainable options 60 kilowatt (10 year ago) 1300 kilowatt now What can we do? Sustainable options We make per day about: 5 – 10 kWh Feed in to grid about 4 – 6 kWh Draw from grid about 2 – 3 kWh What can we do? Sustainable options Gas used for hot water since installation a month ago: NONE at all What can we do? Sustainable options What can we do? Sustainable options – Geothermal – ‘hot rocks’ – Potentially very large resources – (get pic!) What can we do? Sustainable options – The ‘base load problem’? – We are no where near having that problem yet! Spot the renewables! What can we do? Sustainable options – base load? – Wide distribution of sources evens out the load – Linking them is not as difficult as we are told – Solar feeds power in at peak use time – Pumped storage is used now (Snowy, Tas) – Other storage options possible in future – HVDC What can we do? Sustainable options – HVDC – High Voltage DC transmission – Basslink provides peak and stores excess What can we do? Sustainable options – HVDC – Making big difference to long distance transmission – Carries twice the power – Can go 1000’s of km (AC < 1000 km) What can we do? Sustainable options – HVDC – High power high voltage semiconductors have made the difference What can we do? Sustainable options – Area needed to collect ALL of Australia’s energy use. What can we do? Sustainable options Where are the solar collectors? What can we do? Sustainable options This is in sunny Germany! What can we do? Sustainable options We have to get away from this What can we do? Sustainable options To this Climate science Overview – Earth’s energy balance – Interactions between emr and the atmosphere – The effect of changes in the system Human induced changes – – – – The release of millions of years of stored energy Is the climate changing? How can we understand it? Climate models and their predictions. What can we do? – – – – Fossil fuels Reduce energy use Lower CO2 options Sustainable options The human response – Sceptics, deniers, avoiders – Change the light bulbs – The need for real change Education – That’s where we come in The human response Sceptics, deniers, avoiders Talks of “Alarmist of the Year Tim Flannery” flying around the world, then has a go at the UN Climate Change conference in Bali next month where 12000 people will fly in: “Hypocrisy is too small a word for so monstrous a circus. If it wasn't for the fact the planet actually hasn't warmed for nine years now, I'd cry.” The human response Sceptics, deniers, avoiders The human response Sceptics, deniers, avoiders – “We are in a cooling phase” Yes but… The human response Change the light bulbs – Yes, and turn down the thermostat, – but that is a very tiny start The human response The need for real change – It will cost – But many jobs could be created – It will cost much more if we don’t start now But remember them? Education That’s where we come in – The science leads to understanding – The need for optimism This ppt can be downloaded from www.vicphysics.org – Teachers - Feedback: - [email protected] - Resources: realclimate.org $1 Climate science Overview – Earth’s energy balance – Interactions between emr and the atmosphere – The effect of changes in the system Human induced changes – – – – The release of millions of years of stored energy Is the climate changing? How can we understand it? Climate models and their predictions. What can we do? – – – – Fossil fuels Reduce energy use Lower CO2 options Sustainable options The human response – Sceptics, deniers, avoiders – Change the light bulbs – The need for real change Education – That’s where we come in