Download TEC MPhil/PhD Project Proposal By Anand SOOKUN

Research Week 2009‐2010
University of Mauritius
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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What and Why? Definitions…
 A carbon budget is a set amount of carbon that can
be emitted in a given amount of time, either by the
whole economy, or a pre-selected sub-population or
set of activities
 The carbon footprint is a measure of the impact
human activities have on the environment in terms of
the amount of GHG’s produced, measured in tonnes of
carbon dioxide (CO2).
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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What and Why?
Problem statement…
 As climate change becomes more and more a central
issue in local, national, and international discussions,
understanding the global carbon budget, and how it
influences trends in global warming, will become
increasingly crucial.
 Mauritius has undergone various structural changes as
reflected by its land use characteristics and the various
production and consumption patterns as more
developments are ongoing and the need for
transportation
 What, how and where in the local context, contributes
to climate change through carbon emissions and
removals.
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Aims
 To show how Geographical Information System (GIS)
and Geo-Statistics can provide methods to look at
dispersion of air emissions and its receptors that are
human beings and the environment, particularly the
vegetations that act as sinks.
 Develop GIS systems and Models to estimate the
carbon emissions and removals within the different
land use categories of Mauritius
 Explore possibilities to mitigate climate change
processes through simulated projects involving
avoided emissions or natural carbon sequestrations
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Specific objectives
 Understand the processes responsible for adding
carbon (sources) to the atmosphere and for removing
it (sinks)
 Study of Land Use patterns
 Map the sources and sinks of GHG’s
 Develop the appropriate method to calculate the
emissions and removals of GHG’s at the level of
ground details such as roads, rivers built-up areas,
forestry and agriculture
 Develop models
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Coverage of Research
 Carbon budget should cover all Mauritian greenhouse
gas, BUT mainly carbon dioxide, emissions/removals
within the mainland
 Carbon footprint should depict ‘responsibility’ of
various geographic areas (land categories) as well as
socio-economic sectors, by indicating respective
emission/removal rates of carbon
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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The Carbon Cycle
Source: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 2007
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Literature Survey
 Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
fourth assessment report 2007
 Understanding the Global Carbon Budget, Richard
Houghton, Senior Scientist, Carbon Research, 2007
 National Air Emission Inventory (NAEI) – UK, 2008
 Carbo Euro GHG Project 2003
 New Zealand Carbon Budget Project 2005
Mind Map
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Materials and Methods
 The use of extrapolation methods such as krigging in
geostatistics has been applied to generate contour
maps of pollution levels.
 Application of GIS to study land use patterns in
Mauritius
 Sampling techniques and surveys to collect
geographical, household, business and scientific data
to estimate both the ‘direct’ and ‘embedded’ carbon
emission attributable to household and business
consumptions;
 IPCC based methods will be used in calculations.
Other approaches include on line calculators
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Methods
 The calculations are based on the following equation:
 = Σ ij ij E A F ,
 where E: Emission of pollutant; A ij : Activity statistic,
i.e. amount of fuel burnt; F ij : emission factor, i.e.
emission per unit of fuel burnt,
 i: fuel type and
 j: fuel combustion plant or site.
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Methods
Let i i i i X X X 1 2 3 4 , , denote the average of the amount of emissions for ,
SO2, CO, and NOx over the seven period respectively for the ith sample point
(13 locations with no missing values) over the island which is standardised
standardise as follows
For each set of standardised data, we develop layers in the form of
indices, ji
A combined layer is then developed for the ith location, using the index, i I ,
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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GIS
Source:InWent, Germany
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Data sources
• Household and Business surveys, micro-data –
Available for researchers, upon request from Central
Statistics Office
 CEB – fuel used for electricity generation
 AREU/Min.of Housing/MSIRI: Land use patterns
 Forestry
 Satellite Data
 Others
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Satellite Image
Landsat satellite image of Mauritius, 2000 (Source: Global Land Cover Facility)
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Outcomes
 Visual display of sites or regions where air
pollutants are destined and where monitoring
programs need to be improved.
 GIS maps of regional carbon budget and carbon
footprint
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Land Use Patterns
 Source: Prof SDDV
Rughooputh
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CO2 Emissions Trend, Mauritius, 1970 – 2006
(Data Source: J.Baguant , Energy Data Book 1988)

CO2 emissions, Mauritius, 1970 - 2006
3500.00
CO2 em issions
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
0.00
1970
CO2 emissions, tons
4000.00
Year
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CO2 emissions by sector , Mauritius, 2000 – 2006,
Source: Central Statistics Office
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Some Results
Map for CO2 Emissions
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Map for SO2 Emissions
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Map for CO Emissions
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Map for Combined Emissions Using
Composite Index
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A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
On-Going and Future works
 Road traffic emissions
 Statistical modelling and Spatio-temporal
modelling
 Processing of Satellite data
 Development of Carbon budget Models
 Development of carbon offset strategies for scenario
analysis that will complement policy related work;
 Development of a robust understanding of the links
between lifestyles, societal values and the environment.
A Sookun, R Boojhawon, SDDV Rughooputh
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Acknowlegement
• TEC Sponsored MPhil/PhD Research @ UoM
• Central Statistics Office
 CEB – fuel used for electricity generation
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Contacts
A. Sookun1: [email protected]
R. Boojhawon1: [email protected]
SDDV Rughooputh2: [email protected]
1
Department of Mathematics
2 Department of Physics
Faculty of Science
University of Mauritius
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