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An Equitable Solution
to Curb Aviation Emissions
7 Juni 2013
Sabine Minninger
Senior Policy Advisor on Climate Change
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 1
Climate Justice and Aviation
• "Environmental inaction, especially regarding climate
change, has the potential to halt or even reverse human
development progress. The number of people in extreme
poverty could increase by up to 3 billion by 2050 unless
environmental disasters are averted by co-ordinated global
action, “Human Development Report 2013
• Chinese travelers the world's biggest spenders - "With the
2012 surge, China leaped to first place, surpassing both top
spender Germany and second largest spender United States
(both close to US$84 billion in 2012).“ (12.04.2013) By
2015, 100 million Chinese will travel abroad, a benchmark
originally forecast for 2020, according to the UNWTO.
"Emerging economies continue to lead growth in tourism
demand," said UNWTO SG Taleb Rifai in a statement.
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 2
Dimension of climate justice and aviation
• 1,035 million international arrivals in 2012 with 3-4% growth in
2013
• emissions from aviation responsible for 4,9-14% of global
warming (Lee et al, 2009), until 2050 responsible for 25% of
global warming
• Only 2% of the world population actively takes part in aviation,
80% of all flights for holiday reasons
• massive expansion of airports and low-cost carriers
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 3
Climate politics and flight emissions
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 4
It`s a matter of principle
• UNFCCC differentiates between Industrialised and Developing
Countries = Common But Differentiated Responsibility-Principle
• ICAO equal treatment = Non-Discrimination-Principle
• The South calls for CBDR – Equity
Emissions have a global nature,
so how to address
EQUITY?
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 5
Equity in aviation
• aviation emissions reduction within the sector!
• Promising: Copenhagen Green Climate Fund for climate
financing in developing countries ($100bn/a)
• aviation and shipping identified as innovative climate finance
sources for poor countries according to the polluter-pays
principle
• all funds generated from a global aviation scheme (up to 10 bn
USD) should be channeled to poor countries
• de minimis thresholds” exemption of states with less than 1% of
global aviation activity → only 22 states, capture about 80% of
aviation emissions
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 6
Respecting equity…for who?
• Developing Countries call for CBDR
• But a global climate regime for aviation will in first line oblige
airlines – not countries
• DCs are the benefitters by receiving climate finance and no net
incidence on their economies should be ensured
• Addressing flight esmissions might increase air ticket costs around
2-3% (AGF report, 2009)
• no matter the nationality – only rich people fly!
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 7
Spill over effects by tourism
• “Tourism is an important contributor to the MDGs […] The travel
sector should not be disadvantaged through the imposition of a
disproportionate burden either on tourism as a whole or on vital
components such as aviation.” (UNWTO)
• If growth rate of British air travel till 2025 would stagnate on 2009
level, it would mean eg for Kenya a lost of 0,09% of GNP p/a.
• High revenue leakage rate from tourism in developing countries,
the poor do not profit from unsustainable tourism as a lack of
participation etc.
• Tourism in the South Pacific around 80% revenue leakage rate
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 8
Yes to a global solution - but not at all costs…
No false solutions such as weak
and harmful offsetting
If aviation uses agrofuels on
high commercial level, new
problems will occur re land use,
water shortage, food security
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 9
Thank you very
much!
Sabine Minninger
Brot für die Welt
Senior Policy Advisor on Climate Change
[email protected]
www.brot-fuer-die-welt.de
Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Climate Justice and Aviation
Seite 10