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Protozoans
By: Isabel Perna & Daniel Castano
WHAT ARE PROTOZOANS?
Animal like protist
Protists are any organism that is not a plant,
animal, or fungus
Called protozoa because it means “first animal”
As animals, they are classified as heterotrophs
(meaning that they depend on other organisms
for food)
Types of protozoans
There are four type of protozoans and they are
distinguished by the way they move
Types of protozoans
- Zooflagellates
- Sarcodines
- Cilliates
- Sporozoans
Zooflagellates
Protozoans that swim using flagella are called
Zooflagellates
Flagellas are long, whiplike, projection that
allows the cell to move, most of the times through
aquatic enviroments
Genrally have 1 or 2 flagellas, and rarely they
have more
How do Zooflagellates look
like?
Leishmania Donovani
Trichonomas Vaginalis
Zooflagellates
They are able to absorb food by their cell
membrane
Many live in lakes and streams, to absorb
nutrients from decaying organic materials
Others live in bodies of other organisms, to take
advantage of food that larger organisms provide
Reproduction of zooflagellates
Some reproduce asexually through binary fission,
meaning that it divides into 2 cells that are
genetical identical
Other have a sexual life cycle
During this cycle, gamete cells are produced by
meiosis. When gametes from two organisms
fuse, an oganisms with a new combination of
genetic information is formed
SARCODINES
Protazoans that use pseudopods for movements
and feedings
Pseudopods are members of sacordines that
move by means of temporary projections of
cytoplasm
There are different types of sacordines like
amoebas, forasmitter, and heliozoans
AMOEBAS
Common sarcodine, that is a flexible, acive cell
with thick pseudopods that extend the central
mass of the cell. It moves in amoeboids
movement, meaning that the cytoplasm of the
cell streams into the pseudopod, and the rest of
the cell follows.
They can capture and digest particles of food and
cells, and then form a food vacuole.
They reproduce by binary fission
Foraminiferans & heliozoans
Foraminiferans is another member of
Sarcodines, they are commoly found in warmer
zones of the ocean. They secrete shell of calcium
carbonate. Accumulated calcium sometimes
forms oceans floors.
Heliozoans meaning “sun animals.” They
produce shell of silica. Spikes of cytoplams,
suported by microtubeles, project from the shell,
making them look like sun’s rays
Ciliates
The phylum ciliphora is named for cilia, short hair
like projections similar to flagella
Members of phylum ciliphora is known as ciliates,
use cilia for feeding and movements
Cilia line the organism’s gullet and move its food
to the organism’s interiors
They reproduce asexually by mitosis and binary
fission
Ciliates Conjugation
•
When paced under stress, paramecia may
engage in a process known as conjugation that
allows them to exchange genetic materials with
other individuals
•
During conjugation, two paramecia attach
themselves to each other and exchange genetic
information
•
Conjugation increases genetic diversity
Sporozoans
Protozoans that do not move on their own and
are parasitic.
Sporozoans are parasites of a wide variety of
organisms, invluding worms, fish, birds, and
humans
They reproduce by sporozoites, meaning it can
attach itself to a host cell, penetrate it, and the
live within it as a parasite
Diseases
Protazoans can caused series disease like
malaria and African sleeping sickness
Malaria is one of the most dangerous sickness
300-500 million people suffer of Malaria, and 2
million die from it every year
Malaria is an infectious blood disease transfer by
mosquito bites
How Can you get Malaria?
•
You can get malaria if an infected mosquito bites
you, its saliva contains sportozoites of the
parasite; and the saliva enters your bloodstream.
When the saliva is inside the body , plasmodium
infects liver cells and then red blood cells.
Plasmodium multiplies rapidly within the infected
cells. When red blood cells burst, the let out a lot
of toxin, or poisons into the bloodstream.
The toxins are the ones that produce the chills
and fever that are symptoms of malaria.
Malaria
The End!!