* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Verb Tense
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Proto-Indo-European verbs wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chichewa tenses wikipedia , lookup
Tense–aspect–mood wikipedia , lookup
Sotho verbs wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Grammatical tense wikipedia , lookup
Dutch conjugation wikipedia , lookup
Verb Tense Using Verbs to Express Different Times What is verb tense? Verb tense tells when an action happened: in the past, in the present, or in the future. Verbs change their form and use the helping verbs have or be to indicate different tenses. Present tense: Rick hikes every weekend. Past tense: He hiked ten miles last weekend. Future tense: He will hike again on Saturday. Types of verbs Most verbs in English are regular verbs that follow standard rules about what endings to use to express time. Irregular verbs do not follow the regular pattern for endings. Regular present-tense endings The present tense is used for actions that are happening at the same time that they are being written about (the present) and for things that happen all the time. Present-tense, regular verbs end either in –s, or they have no ending added. Use the –s ending when the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing. Use no ending for all other subjects. Regular verbs in the present tense First person Singular Plural I jump We jump Second person You jump You jump Third person They jump The children jump She (he, it) jumps The child jumps Using present-tense regular verbs Select the correct verb form: My roommate (cook / cooks) us breakfast on Sundays. A) cook B) cooks Using present-tense regular verbs Select the correct verb form: My roommate (cook / cooks) us breakfast on Sundays. ANSWER: A) cook B) cooks Regular past-tense endings The past tense is used for actions that have already happened. An –ed ending is needed on all regular verbs in the past tense. Present tense and past tense verb endings First person Present tense I avoid her. Past tense I avoided her. Second person You help me. You helped me. Third person He walks fast. He walked fast. Using the past tense of regular verbs Select the correct past-tense form of the verb in parentheses: Robert (hike) many miles through the woods of Maine. A) hikes B) hike C) hiked D) none of the above Using the past tense of regular verbs Select the correct past-tense form of the verb in parentheses: Robert (hike) many miles through the woods of Maine. ANSWER: A) hikes B) hike C) hiked D) none of the above Regular past-participle ending The past participle is a verb that is used with a helping verb, such as have. For all regular verbs, the past-participle form is the same as the past tense form. It uses an –ed ending. Past tense: I visited my cousins. Past participle: I have visited my cousins. Using the past participle of regular verbs Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses: Every weekday night, I have (study) for three hours. A) study B) studied C) studies D) none of the above Using the past participle of regular verbs Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses: Every weekday night, I have (study) for three hours. ANSWER: A) study B) studied C) studies D) none of the above Irregular verbs Irregular verbs do not follow the regular pattern for endings. The following are some common irregular verbs: be, bring, do, get, give, go, have/has, make, say, see, speak, take, write. Irregular verbs Present tense Past tense be (am/are/is) bring do get was/were brought did got Past participle (used with has/have) been brought done gotten give go have/has make gave went had made given gone had made More irregular verbs Present tense Past tense say see speak take write cost begin read said saw spoke took wrote cost began read Past participle (used with has/have) said seen spoken taken written cost begun read Present tense of two irregular verbs Be Have I am We are I have You have You are You are You have You have He, she, it is The editor is Beth is They are He, she, it has They have The editors are Beth and Christina are Using be and have in the present tense Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses: We ___ (be) happy that you have decided to take the job. A) be B) is C) are D) none of the above Using be and have in the present tense Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses: We ___ (be) happy that you have decided to take the job. ANSWER: A) be B) is C) are D) none of the above Using be and have in the present tense Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses: To enter the building, you pass. A) has B) haven C) have D) none of the above (have) to get a Using be and have in the present tense Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses: To enter the building, you pass. ANSWER: A) has B) haven C) have D) none of the above (have) to get a Irregular verbs in the past tense Irregular verbs do not use the –ed ending for the past-tense form. They show the past tense with a change in spelling or in some other way. Irregular verbs in the past tense Present tense I begin today. Past tense I began yesterday. You sleep very soundly. You slept late this morning. I let the dog in today. I let the dog in yesterday. The verb be, past tense The verb be is tricky because it has two different forms for the past tense: was and were. Singular First person I was Second person You were Third person He, she, it was The student was Plural We were You were They were The students were Using be in the past tense Select the correct past tense of the verb be: She decided that her problems stop her. A) were B) was C) is D) none of the above not going to Using be in the past tense Select the correct past tense of the verb be: She decided that her problems not going to stop her. ANSWER: A) were B) was C) is D) none of the above Using irregular verbs in the past tense Select the past tense of the irregular verb in parentheses: I (think) my pronunciation was terrible, but the teacher said I was improving. A) thought B) thinked C) think D) none of the above Using irregular verbs in the past tense Select the past tense of the irregular verb in parentheses: I (think) my pronunciation was terrible, but the teacher said I was improving. ANSWER: A) thought B) thinked C) think D) none of the above Irregular verbs in the past participle For irregular verbs, the past participle is often different from the past tense. It is difficult to predict how irregular verbs form the past participle. It may be helpful to refer to a chart or list of irregular past participles. Past tense Regular verb Past participle I walked home. I have walked home before. Irregular verb I drove home. I have driven home before. Using irregular verbs in the past participle Select the correct helping verb (a form of have) and the correct past-participle of the verb in parentheses: Many people (choose) natural methods of getting more sleep. A) has chosen B) have chosen C) have choosed D) has choosed Using irregular verbs in the past participle Select the correct helping verb (a form of have) and the correct past-participle of the verb in parentheses: Many people (choose) natural methods of getting more sleep. ANSWER: A) has chosen B) have chosen C) have choosed D) has choosed Using past participles A past participle, by itself, cannot be the main verb of a sentence. But when a past participle is combined with another verb, called a helping verb, it can be used to make the present perfect tense and the past perfect tense. Have/has + past participle = present perfect tense The present perfect tense is used for an action that began in the past and either continues into the present or was completed at some unknown time in the past. Present perfect tense: My car has stalled several times recently. (This sentence says that the stalling began in the past but may continue into the present.) Past tense: My car stalled. (This sentence says that the car stalled once and that it’s over.) Using the present perfect tense Select the correct tense of the verb in parentheses: Evidence ____ (show) that disorientation is a major risk for inexperienced pilots. A) has shown B) showed C) has showed D) none of the above Using the present perfect tense Select the correct tense of the verb in parentheses: Evidence ____ (show) that disorientation is a major risk for inexperienced pilots. ANSWER: A) has shown B) showed C) has showed D) none of the above Had + past participle = past perfect tense Use had plus the past participle to make the past perfect tense. The past perfect tense is used for an action that began in the past and ended before some other past action. Past perfect tense: My car had stalled several times before I called the mechanic. (This sentence says that both the stalling and calling the mechanic happened in the past, but the stalling happened before the calling.) Using the past perfect tense Select the correct tense of the verb in parentheses: By the time my grandfather retired at the age of seventy, he ____ (hold) many different jobs. A) held B) had holded C) had held D) none of the above Using the past perfect tense Select the correct tense of the verb in parentheses: By the time my grandfather retired at the age of seventy, he ____ (hold) many different jobs. ANSWER: A) held B) had holded C) had held D) none of the above Be + past participle = passive voice A sentence that is written in the passive voice has a subject that does not perform an action. Instead, the subject is acted upon. To create the passive voice, combine a form of be with a past participle. Passive: The newspaper was thrown onto the porch. (The subject, newspaper, did not throw itself onto the porch. Some unidentified person threw the newspaper.) Active voice Most sentences are written in the active voice, which means that the subject performs the action. Active: The delivery person threw the newspaper onto the porch. (The subject, delivery person, performed the action: he or she threw the newspaper.) Passive vs. active voice Use the passive voice when no one person performed the action, when you don’t know who performed the action, or when you want to emphasize the receiver of the action. Do not overuse the passive voice. When you know who performed the action, it is usually preferable to identify the actor. Active: The bandleader chose Kelly to do a solo. Passive: Kelly was chosen to do a solo. (If you wanted to emphasize Kelly’s being chosen rather than the bandleader’s choice, you might decide to use the passive voice.) Changing from active to passive voice He sent the payment over two weeks ago. First, identify the subject (he) and the verb (sent). Ask: What word in the sentence is receiving the action? Payment. Cross out the subject. Make the word that is receiving the action the subject by moving it to the beginning of the sentence. Add the correct form of the verb be in front of the main verb. You can either delete the performer of the action or put this information after the verb and the word by. The payment was sent two weeks ago by him. Using the passive voice Which of the following correctly rewrites this sentence in the passive voice? Someone spilled a drink on this book. A) Someone was spilled a drink on this book. B) A drink was spilled on this book. C) On this book, someone spilled a drink. D) none of the above Using the passive voice Which of the following correctly rewrites this sentence in the passive voice? Someone spilled a drink on this book. ANSWER: A) Someone was spilled a drink on this book. B) A drink was spilled on this book. C) On this book, someone spilled a drink. D) none of the above Consistency of verb tense Consistency of verb tense means that all actions in a sentence that happen (or happened) at the same time are in the same tense. If all of the actions happen in the present or happen all the time, use the present tense for all verbs in the sentence. If all of the actions happened in the past, use the past tense for all verbs. When you edit your writing, make sure that any time a verb tense changes it is because the action the verb describes happened at a different time. Otherwise, the shift in tenses causes an inconsistency. Consistency of verb tense Inconsistent: The movie started just as we take our seats. (The actions both happened at the same time, but started is in the past tense, and take is in the present tense.) Consistent, present tense: The movie starts just as we take our seats. (The actions and verb tenses are both in the present.) Consistent, past tense: The movie started just as we took our seats. (The actions started and took both happened in the past, and both are in the past tense.) Using consistent verb tense Choose the word that fits into the following sentence without causing a shift in verb tense: Anthony broke the track record and home to tell his family. A) rushed B) rush C) rushes D) none of the above Using consistent verb tense Choose the word that fits into the following sentence without causing a shift in verb tense: Anthony broke the track record and home to tell his family. ANSWER: A) rushed B) rush C) rushes D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: I the flu last winter at the end of February. A) catch B) catched C) caught D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: I the flu last winter at the end of February. ANSWER: A) catch B) catched C) caught D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: Almost the whole flu season by already, so I thought I would avoid catching it. A) had went B) gone C) had gone D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: Almost the whole flu season by already, so I thought I would avoid catching it. ANSWER: A) had went B) gone C) had gone D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: I sick for more than three weeks. A) was B) am C) was being D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: I sick for more than three weeks. ANSWER: A) was B) am C) was being D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: After I from the flu, I got bronchitis and an ear infection. A) am recovering B) had recovered C) recovered D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: After I from the flu, I got bronchitis and an ear infection. ANSWER: A) am recovering B) had recovered C) recovered D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: I ____ taking no chances next flu season; I plan to get a flu shot. A) be B) am C) is D) none of the above Correcting various verb problems Pick the form of the verb that will complete this sentence correctly: I ____ taking no chances next flu season; I plan to get a flu shot. ANSWER: A) be B) am C) is D) none of the above