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Perfect tense
The perfect tense is a compound tense,
which means that it has an auxiliary verb
(helping verb) and a past participle. This is
the same in English, where the helping verb
is “have” or “has” as in “I have spoken”; “she
has spoken”. In Spanish, the helping verb is
“haber” which means “to have”.
NB: don’t confuse “haber” with “tener” (to
have; to possess).
The perfect tense refers to the recent
past and past actions that are still true. We
also use this tense to talk about an action
that has been completed recently.
Formation of the perfect tense
Remember it is a compound tense and is
made up of two verbs; a part of haber and a
past participle.
Here is “haber” in the present tense:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
he
has
ha
hemos
habéis
han
Regular past participles
- ar verbs: drop the “-ar” and add “-ado”
- er verbs: drop the “-er” and add “-ido”
- ir verbs: drop the “-ir” and add “-ido”
Examples:
Hablar – hablado (talked)
Comer – comido (eaten)
Vivir – vivido (lived)
- He hablado con Roberto = I have
spoken with Robert
- Has comido la ensalada = You have
eaten the salad
- Nos hemos acostado a las diez = We
have gone to bed at 10
Irregular past participles
Verb
Atraer
Caer
Creer
Leer
Oír
Poseer
Sonreír
Traer
Abrir
Cubrir
Decir
Descubrir
Describer
English
Past
participle
To attract
Atraído
To fall
Caído
To believe/to Creído
think
To read
Leído
To hear
Oído
To possess
Poseído
To smile
sonreído
To bring
traído
To open
Abierto
To cover
Cubierto
To say
Dicho
To discover
Descubierto
To describe
Descrito
Devolver
Envolver
Escribir
Freír
Hacer
Morir
Poner
Resolver
Romper
Ver
Volver
To return
(something)
To wrap, wrap
up
To write
To fry
To do/make
To die
To put
To resolve
To break
To see
To return
devuelto
Envuelto
Escrito
Frito
Hecho
muerto
Puesto
Resuelto
roto
visto
vuelto