Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name: Period: Date: #___________ Earthquakes Forces in the Earth’s Crust Use pages 162-168 to answer the following questions. Forces in Earth’s Crust (p. 162-168) 1. What is the force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume? 2. The amount of space a rock takes up is its ___________________ 3. What are the three types of stress that occur in Earth’s crust? a. b. c. 4. Complete the cause-events-effect chart to show how the different types of stress change the shape and volume of the rock. Cause Event Effect Tension c. e. a. d. Rock folds or breaks b. Pushes rock in two different directions f. 5. A break in the Earth’s crust is called what? 6. What is the difference between a hanging wall and a footwall? Use the diagrams below to answer questions 7-9 7. Diagram A a. Type of Fault _______________ b. Type of Stress_______________ c. Type of Movement_______________ Diagram A 8. Diagram B a. Type of Fault _______________ b. Type of Stress_______________ c. Type of Movement_______________ Diagram B 9. Diagram C a. Type of Fault _______________ b. Type of Stress_______________ c. Type of Movement_______________ Diagram C Match the landform with the type of fault or faults found there Landform Type of Fault _____ 10. San Andreas Fault a. reverse fault _____ 11. Rio Grande Rift Valley b. strike-slip fault _____ 12. Rocky Mountains c. normal fault Match the term with its definition Term ___13. anticline ___ 14. syncline ___15. folded mountains a. Fold in rock that bends upwards b. Parallel ridges and valleys c. Fold in rock that bends downwards Page 2 of 6 Use pages 169-175 to answer the following questions. Earthquakes & Seismic Waves (p. 169) 1. The point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake is called the ________________ 2. The point on the surface directly above the focus is the _______________ Types of Seismic Waves (pp.170-171) 3. What are seismic waves? 4. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake ______________ from the focus in ___________ directions 5. Surface waves move more ___________ than P Waves or S Waves. 6. Label each drawing as S Waves or P Waves a. _____________________ Type of Wave b. ____________________ Effect _____ 7. P Wave a. Shakes buildings from side to side _____ 8. S Wave b. Shakes buildings violently _____ 9. Surface Wave c. Causes buildings to contract & expand Page 3 of 6 10. What is the name of the device that records the ground movements caused by seismic waves? 11. Fill in the blanks in the table about the ways to measure earthquake strength Method Mercalli Scale How it Measures Earthquake Strength a. Richter Scale b. c. Amount of Energy released Locating the Epicenter (174-175) 12. Geologists use circles to find the epicenter of an earthquake a. What does the center of each circle represent? b. What does the radius of each circle represent? 13. In what order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph? 14. Which type of seismic wave produces the most severe ground movements? 15. How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake? 16. A measurement of an earthquake’s strength is _________________ Page 4 of 6 Use pages 178-183 to answer the following questions. Monitoring Earthquakes (178-181) 1. The seismograph readings are from two different earthquakes. Circle the seismograph reading that shows an earthquake that was stronger or closer. a. b. 2. List the four instruments that geologists use to monitor movements along faults. a. __________ b. __________ c. __________ d. __________ Match the type of monitoring device with its description Monitoring Device Description ____3. Creep meter a. Uses a network of Earth orbiting Satellites ____ 4. Laser ranging device b. Detects changes in distance to a Reflector ____ 5. Tiltmeter c. Measures movement along a slip Strike fault ____6. GPS Satellite d. Works like a carpenters level Using Seismographic Data (182-183) 7. How do seismic waves behave when they encounter a fault? 8. How do the data from the movements of seismic waves help geologists determine the earthquake risk for an area? 9. What is the name of the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface Page 5 of 6 Use pages 186-191 to answer the following questions. Earthquake Risk (187) 1. What are the two factors that geologists take into account when they determine earthquake risk? 2. The risk of earthquakes is highest in the United States along the ___________ coast. 3. What kinds of damage are caused by the severe shaking of an earthquake? 4. The process in which an earthquake’s violent shaking turns loose; soft soil into liquid mud is called __________________. This process is likely to occur here the soil is full of ______________. 5. An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area is referred to as an _____________________. 6. What is the main danger to people during an earthquake? Steps to Earthquake Safety (189) 7. How can earthquakes cause fire and flooding? Designing Safer Buildings (190-191) 8. What can be done when a new home is being built to help prevent damage caused by liquefaction? 9. How can tall furniture be prevented from tipping over in an earthquake? Page 6 of 6