Tsunami Information Kit for the Media
... and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System Project, which was implemented by the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) [formerly CDERA] over the period 2007 - 2010. The document was produced by The Seismic Research Centre, University of the West Indies (SRC, UWI). Special appreciation ...
... and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System Project, which was implemented by the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) [formerly CDERA] over the period 2007 - 2010. The document was produced by The Seismic Research Centre, University of the West Indies (SRC, UWI). Special appreciation ...
Title Glossary of interest to earthquake and engineering
... that no one feels them. In order for seismologists to see the recording of the ground movement from smaller earthquakes, the recording has to be made larger. Modern seismographs are able to magnify the ground motion 106 times or even more, i.e., they are able to resolve ground motion amplitudes as s ...
... that no one feels them. In order for seismologists to see the recording of the ground movement from smaller earthquakes, the recording has to be made larger. Modern seismographs are able to magnify the ground motion 106 times or even more, i.e., they are able to resolve ground motion amplitudes as s ...
Earth`s interior and tectonic plates notes
... which an earthquake is felt by people and the amount of damage caused • Uses Roman numerals I to XII • I = not felt, XII = total damage of an area • The number changes depending on where you are (highest number is close to the epicenter). ...
... which an earthquake is felt by people and the amount of damage caused • Uses Roman numerals I to XII • I = not felt, XII = total damage of an area • The number changes depending on where you are (highest number is close to the epicenter). ...
Tsunami Science and Hazard - Manual
... column. If a wave begins in the deep ocean, it may have a wave height of several centimeters (1 foot [ft]) or less) and will not be detected by ships due to its long wave period. Tsunami wavelengths are hundreds of times greater in size when compared to ocean depth. Wavelength is the distance betwee ...
... column. If a wave begins in the deep ocean, it may have a wave height of several centimeters (1 foot [ft]) or less) and will not be detected by ships due to its long wave period. Tsunami wavelengths are hundreds of times greater in size when compared to ocean depth. Wavelength is the distance betwee ...
Earthquakes - Kean University
... have well-built structures but the earthquake occurred much further below the surface than the Izmit quake, further reducing the resulting ground shaking. Seismic waves are captured by a recorder known as a seismograph. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determ ...
... have well-built structures but the earthquake occurred much further below the surface than the Izmit quake, further reducing the resulting ground shaking. Seismic waves are captured by a recorder known as a seismograph. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determ ...
Tsunami background reading
... inundation to our coastal communities. Despite this, unusual rips or currents caused by even relatively small tsunami can be dangerous to marine users and boats. The offshore tsunami hazard to Australia varies from ‘relatively low’ for most of our coastline to ‘moderate’ on the north-west coast of W ...
... inundation to our coastal communities. Despite this, unusual rips or currents caused by even relatively small tsunami can be dangerous to marine users and boats. The offshore tsunami hazard to Australia varies from ‘relatively low’ for most of our coastline to ‘moderate’ on the north-west coast of W ...
tsunamis - Cairns Regional Council
... tsunami through recorded history but most have been marine based threats and have presented little threat of land inundation to our coastal communities. Despite this, unusual rips or currents caused by even relatively small tsunami can be dangerous to marine users and boats. The offshore tsunami haz ...
... tsunami through recorded history but most have been marine based threats and have presented little threat of land inundation to our coastal communities. Despite this, unusual rips or currents caused by even relatively small tsunami can be dangerous to marine users and boats. The offshore tsunami haz ...
Chapter 8 Earthquakes
... The Richter scale can be used to compare the magnitudes of different earthquakes. When the Richter magnitude of an earthquake goes up by one unit, the amount of ground shaking caused by the earthquake goes up 10 times. For example, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.0 is 10 times stronger than an e ...
... The Richter scale can be used to compare the magnitudes of different earthquakes. When the Richter magnitude of an earthquake goes up by one unit, the amount of ground shaking caused by the earthquake goes up 10 times. For example, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.0 is 10 times stronger than an e ...
Coupled Marine Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Interaction Initiative:
... parameters that are expected to influence the drag that the atmosphere experiences as it blows over the ocean, these include wave age, stability, gustiness, fetch, and sea-state. Kraus and Businger state that "A careful study of the interrelation between these parameters is needed, both theoreticall ...
... parameters that are expected to influence the drag that the atmosphere experiences as it blows over the ocean, these include wave age, stability, gustiness, fetch, and sea-state. Kraus and Businger state that "A careful study of the interrelation between these parameters is needed, both theoreticall ...
Seismology - Università degli studi di Trieste
... Given the arrival times and amplitudes of several seismic phases on a number of stations, compute distribution of velocity, density and attenuation coefficient with depth, and positions of all discontinuities. This is very difficult and often does not give a unique solution. Instead, a range of solu ...
... Given the arrival times and amplitudes of several seismic phases on a number of stations, compute distribution of velocity, density and attenuation coefficient with depth, and positions of all discontinuities. This is very difficult and often does not give a unique solution. Instead, a range of solu ...
DESIGN OF OFFSHORE PIPELINE(HE801)
... 1. Define the classification of containment 2. Define the classification of location 3. What are the strength requirements as per limit state design for the offshore pipeline? 4. D/t >20 means the pipeline is------5. D/t >20 means the pipeline is ---------6. Ovality formula is-------------- ...
... 1. Define the classification of containment 2. Define the classification of location 3. What are the strength requirements as per limit state design for the offshore pipeline? 4. D/t >20 means the pipeline is------5. D/t >20 means the pipeline is ---------6. Ovality formula is-------------- ...
Vertical Structure of Kelvin Waves in the Indonesian Throughflow
... Transports Q were computed by interpolating the along-strait velocities at each time and depth to a crossstrait grid, assuming no-slip conditions at the bottom and sidewalls, and then summing over the width of the strait to obtain a value of along-strait transport at each time and depth. At each dep ...
... Transports Q were computed by interpolating the along-strait velocities at each time and depth to a crossstrait grid, assuming no-slip conditions at the bottom and sidewalls, and then summing over the width of the strait to obtain a value of along-strait transport at each time and depth. At each dep ...
Earthquakes - cloudfront.net
... An earthquake is sudden ground movement caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks. Earthquakes happen when so much stress builds up in the rocks that the rocks rupture. The energy is transmitted by seismic waves. Earthquakes can be so small they go completely unnoticed, or so large that ...
... An earthquake is sudden ground movement caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks. Earthquakes happen when so much stress builds up in the rocks that the rocks rupture. The energy is transmitted by seismic waves. Earthquakes can be so small they go completely unnoticed, or so large that ...
Tsunami - Pacific Disaster Net
... washing away entire villages. The inundation can also cause severe coastal erosion and affect areas upstream from the coast since tsunami waves can travel up rivers and streams from the ocean. Wave speed/force. Tsunami waves travel at 36-54 km/h in shallow water, faster than most people can run. Thi ...
... washing away entire villages. The inundation can also cause severe coastal erosion and affect areas upstream from the coast since tsunami waves can travel up rivers and streams from the ocean. Wave speed/force. Tsunami waves travel at 36-54 km/h in shallow water, faster than most people can run. Thi ...
Seismic Anisotropy: Tracing Plate Dynamics in the Mantle
... Indian subcontinent from the south (72). Hot spots in the mantle may generate predictable flow patterns beneath moving lithosphere, with a bow shock gradient forward of the rising plume and a long sheared tail (75). Quasi-Love waves are observed at Hawaii, presumably generated by the bow shock gradi ...
... Indian subcontinent from the south (72). Hot spots in the mantle may generate predictable flow patterns beneath moving lithosphere, with a bow shock gradient forward of the rising plume and a long sheared tail (75). Quasi-Love waves are observed at Hawaii, presumably generated by the bow shock gradi ...
Oceanic lithosphereasthenosphere boundary from surface wave
... The data coverage obtained shows strong heterogeneities, according to the global distribution of stations and sources (Figure 1). The Southern Hemisphere has a lack of path density in comparison with the Northern Hemisphere, and especially in Antarctica (∼20 paths per 2◦ × 2◦ cell for the Love phase ...
... The data coverage obtained shows strong heterogeneities, according to the global distribution of stations and sources (Figure 1). The Southern Hemisphere has a lack of path density in comparison with the Northern Hemisphere, and especially in Antarctica (∼20 paths per 2◦ × 2◦ cell for the Love phase ...
Investigating Shock Wave—Boundary Layer Interaction Caused By
... Our simulations utilized the fluid-solver framework, AMROC (Adaptive Mesh Refinement in Object-oriented C++), version 2.0, integrated into the Virtual Test Facility (Deiterding et al., 2005), which is based on the block-structured adaptive mesh refinement algorithm of Berger and Oliger. This algorit ...
... Our simulations utilized the fluid-solver framework, AMROC (Adaptive Mesh Refinement in Object-oriented C++), version 2.0, integrated into the Virtual Test Facility (Deiterding et al., 2005), which is based on the block-structured adaptive mesh refinement algorithm of Berger and Oliger. This algorit ...
Oceanic lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary from - HAL
... The data coverage obtained shows strong heterogeneities, according to the global distribution of stations and sources (Figure 1). The Southern Hemisphere has a lack of path density in comparison with the Northern Hemisphere, and especially in Antarctica (∼20 paths per 2◦ × 2◦ cell for the Love phase ...
... The data coverage obtained shows strong heterogeneities, according to the global distribution of stations and sources (Figure 1). The Southern Hemisphere has a lack of path density in comparison with the Northern Hemisphere, and especially in Antarctica (∼20 paths per 2◦ × 2◦ cell for the Love phase ...
Seismicity and Earth`s Interior - North Coast Distance Education
... an earthquake with a magnitude of 2. The increase in total energy released, however, is about 30 times for each step on the scale. The largest earthquake ever recorded had a magnitude of approximately 8.8 on the Richter scale. Significantly larger earthquakes are not likely to occur because rocks ar ...
... an earthquake with a magnitude of 2. The increase in total energy released, however, is about 30 times for each step on the scale. The largest earthquake ever recorded had a magnitude of approximately 8.8 on the Richter scale. Significantly larger earthquakes are not likely to occur because rocks ar ...
Glencoe Earth Science
... along a fault, their rough surfaces catch, temporarily halting movement along the fault. However, forces keep driving the rocks to move. This action builds up stress at the points where the rocks are stuck. The stress causes the rocks to bend and change shape. When the rocks are stressed beyond thei ...
... along a fault, their rough surfaces catch, temporarily halting movement along the fault. However, forces keep driving the rocks to move. This action builds up stress at the points where the rocks are stuck. The stress causes the rocks to bend and change shape. When the rocks are stressed beyond thei ...
Earthquakes
... along a fault, their rough surfaces catch, temporarily halting movement along the fault. However, forces keep driving the rocks to move. This action builds up stress at the points where the rocks are stuck. The stress causes the rocks to bend and change shape. When the rocks are stressed beyond thei ...
... along a fault, their rough surfaces catch, temporarily halting movement along the fault. However, forces keep driving the rocks to move. This action builds up stress at the points where the rocks are stuck. The stress causes the rocks to bend and change shape. When the rocks are stressed beyond thei ...
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
... d. violent explosions 10. Lava with a high viscosity a. is runny, almost like water. c. smells like sulphur. b. is thick, like pudding. d. dries smooth and glassy. 11. A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a a. crater. c. caldera. b. rift. d. cinder cone. 12. Wher ...
... d. violent explosions 10. Lava with a high viscosity a. is runny, almost like water. c. smells like sulphur. b. is thick, like pudding. d. dries smooth and glassy. 11. A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a a. crater. c. caldera. b. rift. d. cinder cone. 12. Wher ...
Chapter 11 - Mr. Goodenough
... Origin of Seismic Waves You learned earlier that rocks move past each other along faults, creating stress at points where the rocks’ irregular surfaces catch each other. The stress continues to build up until the elastic limit is exceeded and energy is released in the form of seismic waves. The poin ...
... Origin of Seismic Waves You learned earlier that rocks move past each other along faults, creating stress at points where the rocks’ irregular surfaces catch each other. The stress continues to build up until the elastic limit is exceeded and energy is released in the form of seismic waves. The poin ...
1 Earthquakes Processes
... Stresses in the crust along NZ’s plate boundary have broken it into separate fragments or blocks that move relative to each other along fault lines. ...
... Stresses in the crust along NZ’s plate boundary have broken it into separate fragments or blocks that move relative to each other along fault lines. ...
Section 1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen
... able to make approximate forecasts of future earthquake risks. • There is currently no reliable way to predict exactly when or where an earthquake will occur. ...
... able to make approximate forecasts of future earthquake risks. • There is currently no reliable way to predict exactly when or where an earthquake will occur. ...
Rogue wave
Rogue waves (also known as freak waves, monster waves, killer waves, extreme waves, and abnormal waves) are relatively large and spontaneous surface waves that occur far out in open water, and are a threat even to large ships and ocean liners.They present two kinds of danger: although rare, they are unpredictable, and may appear suddenly or without warning, and they can impact with tremendous force (a 12 meter wave in the usual ""linear"" model would have a breaking force of 6 million tons per square metre (MT/m2); modern ships are designed to tolerate a breaking wave of 15 MT/m2), but a rogue wave can dwarf both of these figures with a breaking force of 100 MT/m2.In oceanography, rogue waves are more precisely defined as waves whose height is more than twice the significant wave height (Hs or SWH), which is itself defined as the mean of the largest third of waves in a wave record. Therefore, rogue waves are not necessarily the biggest waves found on the water; they are, rather, unusually large waves for a given sea state. Rogue waves seem not to have a single distinct cause, but occur where physical factors such as high winds and strong currents cause waves to merge to create a single exceptionally large wave.Rogue waves can occur in other media than water. In particular, optical rogue waves allow study of the phenomenon in the laboratory. A 2015 paper studied the wave behavior around a rogue wave, including optical, and the Draupner wave, and concluded that ""rogue events do not necessarily appear without a warning, but are often preceded by a short phase of relative order"".