Download Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Most earthquakes happen at the edges of
a. tectonic plates.
c. earthquake zones.
b. elastic deformations.
d. shear waves.
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of plate motion?
a. transform motion
c. divergent motion
b. convergent motion
d. rebound motion
3. The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on Earth’s surface
a. directly below the focus.
b. directly above the earthquake’s focus.
c. above the seismic gap.
d. where the damage is lightest.
4. A measure of how likely an area is to experience an earthquake is its
a. earthquake-zone level.
c. seismic-gap level.
b. Mercalli-intensity level.
d. earthquake-hazard level.
5. Strike-slip faults are created by
a. convergent motion.
c. transcontinental motion.
b. transform motion.
d. divergent motion.
6. Primary seismic waves
a. are slower than secondary waves.
b. are the result of shearing forces in rock.
c. can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
d. cause Earth’s surface to roll up and down.
7. Which seismic waves do the greatest damage?
a. surface waves
c. P waves
b. S waves
d. body waves
8. What is the science in which earthquakes are studied called?
a. earthquake science
c. seismology
b. tectonics
d. wave science
9. Which of the following would you expect to see during a nonexplosive eruption?
a. hot debris, ash, and gas shooting into the air
b. molten rock blowing into the air
c. calm lava flows
d. violent explosions
10. Lava with a high viscosity
a. is runny, almost like water.
c. smells like sulphur.
b. is thick, like pudding.
d. dries smooth and glassy.
11. A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a
a. crater.
c. caldera.
b. rift.
d. cinder cone.
12. Where are volcanoes most likely to form?
a. near the center of continents
c. along plate boundaries
b. along bodies of water
d. in mountainous areas
13. Which of these describes a possible climate change caused by a volcanic eruption?
a. Temperatures rise because of the heat coming from lava.
b. Scorched land creates drought conditions.
c. Ash blocks sunlight, causing temperatures to drop.
d. Volcanic eruptions rarely affect climate.
____ 14. Volcanic activity is common along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This activity occurs at a
a. mantle plume.
c. divergent boundary.
b. subducted plane.
d. break in the continental crust.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement.
a. seismology
b. deformation
c. elastic rebound
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d. seismic waves
e. P waves
f. S waves
the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape
seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction
seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion
waves of energy that travel through Earth away from an earthquake in all directions
the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress
the branch of Earth science devoted to studying earthquakes
Match each item with the correct statement.
a. convergent motion
b. transform motion
c. divergent motion
____ 21. motion that happens when two plates slip past each other
____ 22. motion that happens when two plates push together
____ 23. motion that happens when two plates pull away from each other
Match each item with the correct statement.
a. hot spot
b. mid-ocean ridge
c. rift zone
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25.
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d. divergent boundary
e. convergent boundary
f. mantle plumes
a set of deep cracks between tectonic plates
columns of rising magma
where tectonic plates separate
where tectonic plates collide
underwater volcanoes and mountains
a volcanically active area that is not near a tectonic plate boundary
Match each item with the correct statement.
a. active volcano
b. dormant volcano
____ 30. probably won’t erupt again
____ 31. will probably erupt soon
____ 32. will probably erupt sometime in the future
c. extinct volcano
Short Answer
33. Using a graphic organizer, compare and contrast P waves and S waves.
34. What is the difference between divergent and convergent boundaries?
35. Explain subduction.
Essay
36. After 2,000 years of calm, Krakatau, a volcano in Indonesia, exploded violently in 1883. Ash flew 80 km into
the air and covered an area of 800,000 km2 with pyroclastic debris. How do you think this mighty eruption
affected the global climate?
37. Living near a volcano can be very dangerous. Why do you think so many people live close to volcanoes?
Other
CONCEPT MAPPING
38. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below:
body waves
focus
P waves
S waves
epicenter
surface waves
seismic waves
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
STA:
2. ANS:
STA:
3. ANS:
STA:
4. ANS:
STA:
5. ANS:
STA:
6. ANS:
7. ANS:
STA:
8. ANS:
STA:
9. ANS:
STA:
10. ANS:
STA:
11. ANS:
STA:
12. ANS:
STA:
13. ANS:
STA:
14. ANS:
STA:
A
S6E5.d
D
S6E5.d
B
S6CS3
D
S6CS4.a
B
S6E5.d
C
A
S6E5.d
C
S6CS3
C
S6E5.c
B
S6E5.c
C
S6E5.d
C
S6E5.c
C
S6E5.e
C
S6CS9.d
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
C
S6E5.d
F
S6E5.d
E
S6E5.d
D
S6E5.d
B
S6E5.d
A
S6CS3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
MATCHING
15. ANS:
STA:
16. ANS:
STA:
17. ANS:
STA:
18. ANS:
STA:
19. ANS:
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20. ANS:
STA:
21. ANS:
STA:
22. ANS:
STA:
23. ANS:
STA:
B
S6E5.d
A
S6E5.d
C
S6CS3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
24. ANS:
STA:
25. ANS:
STA:
26. ANS:
STA:
27. ANS:
STA:
28. ANS:
STA:
29. ANS:
STA:
C
S6E5.d
F
S6E5.d
D
S6E5.d
E
S6E5.d
B
S6E5.d
A
S6E5.e
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
30. ANS:
STA:
31. ANS:
STA:
32. ANS:
STA:
C
S6CS9.d
A
S6CS9.d
B
S6E5.c
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
SHORT ANSWER
33. ANS:
Answers will vary. Sample answer: P waves squeeze and stretch rock, moving it back and forth. S waves
shear rock side to side. P waves move faster than S waves. P waves can travel through liquid, but S waves
cannot.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 1
STA: S6CS3
34. ANS:
At a divergent boundary, tectonic plates separate. At a convergent boundary, the plates come together or
collide.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 3
STA: S6E5.d
35. ANS:
Subduction is the movement of one tectonic plate underneath another one.
PTS: 1
ESSAY
DIF: 2
REF: 3
36. ANS:
The volcanic ash reached the upper atmosphere and blocked out enough sunlight to cause a decrease in global
temperatures.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 2
STA: S6E5.e
37. ANS:
Volcanoes create some of the most fertile farmland. This farmland could support successful agriculture.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 3
STA: S6E5.c
OTHER
38. ANS:
a. seismic waves, b. focus, c. epicenter, d. body waves, e. surface waves, f. P waves, g. S waves
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1