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Transcript
Chapter 6 6.1 Notes Earth’s Structure 6.1 Notes • 3 compositional layers of Earth 1. Crust – outermost layer of the Earth – 2 types of crusts: 1. continental (granite) crust 2. oceanic (basalt) crust 2. Mantle – layer of the Earth between the crust and the outer core – partially made of magma 3. Core – inner most layer of the Earth – mainly made of metal iron 6.1 Notes • What is the difference between oceanic crust and continental crust? – Oceanic crust is denser (heavier) than continental crust – Ocean water is on top of the oceanic crust – Oceanic crust is made of basalt – Continental crust is made of granite 6.1 Notes • 5 layers for the physical structure of Earth 1. Lithosphere – the layer that is made of the crust and the upper part of the mantle – another name for the crust (made of rock) – made up of tectonic plates that float on the asthenosphere 2. Asthenosphere – a soft layer of the upper part of the mantle beneath the lithosphere – The lithosphere and its tectonic plates float on the asthenosphere (made of magma) 3. Mesosphere – a strong layer of the mantle beneath the asthenosphere – Made of solid rock 6.1 Notes 4. Outer Core – the layer of the Earth between the mantle and the inner core • made of liquid iron 5. Inner Core – the layer of the Earth that extends from the bottom of the outer core to the center of the Earth • made of solid iron Physical Structure Chemical Composition 6.1 Notes • Continental Drift – the theory that continents can drift apart and have done so in the past • Alfred Wegener – created the continental drift theory • What was the problem with Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift? – Not enough evidence to prove his theory Continents Collide •Eventually when plates move together the continental crust collides •It also pushes and folds the rocks into high mountains •The Himalayas rise to 8848m and are still growing today 6.1 Notes • 5 pieces of evidence that proved Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift: 1. Continents looked like they fit together like a puzzle – super continent “Pangaea” 2. The same fossils (plant and animal fossils) were found on different continents 3. The same rocks were found on different continents 4. Mountain ranges on different continents appear to be once connected 5. Similar glacial deposits were found on different continents Fossils Found 6.1 Notes • Sea-floor spreading – new oceanic crust is created by magma getting forced upward by convection currents and separating the old crust – Sea-floor spreading creates mid-ocean ridges This is a midocean ridge This is an example of sea-floor spreading