v. sulawesi - Vangorselslist
... This currently active NW-SE relative motion of the Sulawesi region also created young accretionary prisms/ fold-and-thrust belts at the N side of the North Arm (with subduction of Celebes Sea oceanic crust) and at the W side of West Sulawesi (with probable consumption of much of Makassar Straits bas ...
... This currently active NW-SE relative motion of the Sulawesi region also created young accretionary prisms/ fold-and-thrust belts at the N side of the North Arm (with subduction of Celebes Sea oceanic crust) and at the W side of West Sulawesi (with probable consumption of much of Makassar Straits bas ...
USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library and
... and geographic names for major regions. The major features, continued from the Neogene are (1) a series of continental-margin arcs and companion subduction-zone assemblages around the CircumNorth Pacific; (2) continuation of opening of major sedimentary basins behind major arcs; (3) in the eastern p ...
... and geographic names for major regions. The major features, continued from the Neogene are (1) a series of continental-margin arcs and companion subduction-zone assemblages around the CircumNorth Pacific; (2) continuation of opening of major sedimentary basins behind major arcs; (3) in the eastern p ...
Geology and Resources of Fluorine in the United States
... through oceanic crust and highest in igneous rocks irrupted through continental crust. Fluorine appears to be highest in rocks of alkalic affinity and these appear to have originated mainly as magmas derived from the mantle beneath the continental crust. Some volcanic gases and sublimates contain no ...
... through oceanic crust and highest in igneous rocks irrupted through continental crust. Fluorine appears to be highest in rocks of alkalic affinity and these appear to have originated mainly as magmas derived from the mantle beneath the continental crust. Some volcanic gases and sublimates contain no ...
Lower Continental Crust. - UCSB Earth Science
... upper mantle residual peridotites, with <46 wt% SiO2 . Compared with oceanic crust and upper mantle, continental crust has slower seismic wavespeeds and is less dense (Holbrook et al. 1992, Rudnick & Fountain 1995). How and when these attributes developed is understood in general, but not specific, t ...
... upper mantle residual peridotites, with <46 wt% SiO2 . Compared with oceanic crust and upper mantle, continental crust has slower seismic wavespeeds and is less dense (Holbrook et al. 1992, Rudnick & Fountain 1995). How and when these attributes developed is understood in general, but not specific, t ...
physical, chemical, and chronological characteristics of
... cratons. The largest craton, the Superior Province of North America, also has the deepest seismically fast root into the mantle [Grand, 1987]. Some seismic results, such as those reported by VanDecar et al. [1995] that show evidence for a 130 Ma Paraná ‘‘fossil’’ plume conduit beneath the Brazilian ...
... cratons. The largest craton, the Superior Province of North America, also has the deepest seismically fast root into the mantle [Grand, 1987]. Some seismic results, such as those reported by VanDecar et al. [1995] that show evidence for a 130 Ma Paraná ‘‘fossil’’ plume conduit beneath the Brazilian ...
Paleozoic–Mesozoic Porphyry Cu(Mo) and Mo(Cu) Deposits within
... generated in volcanoplutonic arcs in the active subduction zone [1,4,6–8]. The classical examples are located within Western Pacific and Central Andes [7,9–12]. However, recent studies show that a number of porphyry Cu–Mo deposits have been formed in collisional zones or intracontinental tectonic se ...
... generated in volcanoplutonic arcs in the active subduction zone [1,4,6–8]. The classical examples are located within Western Pacific and Central Andes [7,9–12]. However, recent studies show that a number of porphyry Cu–Mo deposits have been formed in collisional zones or intracontinental tectonic se ...
nature and composition of the continental crust
... How much lower crust might be recycled back into the mantle at convergent margin settings, and how much remains within the crust under conditions of highgrade metamorphism? Our understanding of the deep continental crust has improved dramatically over the last decade as a result of detailed seismolo ...
... How much lower crust might be recycled back into the mantle at convergent margin settings, and how much remains within the crust under conditions of highgrade metamorphism? Our understanding of the deep continental crust has improved dramatically over the last decade as a result of detailed seismolo ...
Chapter 9
... The oceanic crust is the upper portion of the oceanic lithosphere forming at the ridge crest and being covered by an increasing thickness of oceanic sediments; the black (white) blocks of oceanic crust represent the normal (reversed) polarity TRM acquired during original cooling of the oceanic crust ...
... The oceanic crust is the upper portion of the oceanic lithosphere forming at the ridge crest and being covered by an increasing thickness of oceanic sediments; the black (white) blocks of oceanic crust represent the normal (reversed) polarity TRM acquired during original cooling of the oceanic crust ...
palaeozoic porphyry molybdenum-tungsten deposit in the myszków
... This publication also contains a discussion of the geology of the Kraków–Lubliniec region (the north-eastern border of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin), and, in particular, the geology of the contact zone between two Precambrian to Palaeozoic geotectonic blocks: the Upper Silesian Block and the Ma³opo ...
... This publication also contains a discussion of the geology of the Kraków–Lubliniec region (the north-eastern border of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin), and, in particular, the geology of the contact zone between two Precambrian to Palaeozoic geotectonic blocks: the Upper Silesian Block and the Ma³opo ...
Composition, Formation, and Occurrence of Polymetallic Nodules
... The chemical composition of nodules is controlled by the type of formation (diagenetic versus hydrogenetic), the location (geographic position and water depth), and the growth rate. Hydrogenetic nodules have Mn/Fe ratios ≤5 (Halbach et al. 1988) and high contents of high field strength elements such ...
... The chemical composition of nodules is controlled by the type of formation (diagenetic versus hydrogenetic), the location (geographic position and water depth), and the growth rate. Hydrogenetic nodules have Mn/Fe ratios ≤5 (Halbach et al. 1988) and high contents of high field strength elements such ...
2.03 Sampling Mantle Heterogeneity through Oceanic Basalts
... preferential melting of phases, such as phlogopite, which have higher Rb/Sr, and therefore also higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios than the bulk rock, in order to explain unusually high 87Sr/86Sr ratios in OIBs (e.g., O’Nions and Pankhurst, 1974; Vollmer, 1976). Hofmann and Hart (1978) reviewed this subject in ...
... preferential melting of phases, such as phlogopite, which have higher Rb/Sr, and therefore also higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios than the bulk rock, in order to explain unusually high 87Sr/86Sr ratios in OIBs (e.g., O’Nions and Pankhurst, 1974; Vollmer, 1976). Hofmann and Hart (1978) reviewed this subject in ...
STP 3 & 4
... years. Continental collision more than a billion years ago and continental rifting in the Jurassic followed by deposition of sediments in the newly formed Gulf of Mexico Basin shaped the south Texas terrain. Major tectonic events in the site region include three compressional deformational events (o ...
... years. Continental collision more than a billion years ago and continental rifting in the Jurassic followed by deposition of sediments in the newly formed Gulf of Mexico Basin shaped the south Texas terrain. Major tectonic events in the site region include three compressional deformational events (o ...
geology - Krishikosh
... in 1879 and a second edition by R. D. Oldham was published in 1893. They were out of print by IglO or thereabouts. Students of geology were, however, fortunate in the publication, by Mr. D. N. Wadia, of his excellent book 'Geology of India' in I gIg, and the subsequent editions. For about a quarter ...
... in 1879 and a second edition by R. D. Oldham was published in 1893. They were out of print by IglO or thereabouts. Students of geology were, however, fortunate in the publication, by Mr. D. N. Wadia, of his excellent book 'Geology of India' in I gIg, and the subsequent editions. For about a quarter ...
Evolution of the continental crust
... Differentiation of the continental crust is dominated by igneous processes19. The degree of differentiation constrains how the rates at which the upper crust is generated relate to those at which new crust is generated, and the amounts of residual crustal material recycled back into the mantle. The ...
... Differentiation of the continental crust is dominated by igneous processes19. The degree of differentiation constrains how the rates at which the upper crust is generated relate to those at which new crust is generated, and the amounts of residual crustal material recycled back into the mantle. The ...
Ophiolite concept and its evolution
... of world ophiolites throughout the 1980s and 1990s demonstrated the significance of subduction zone derived fluids and melting history in development of ophiolitic magmas; forearc, embryonic arc, and back-arc settings in suprasubduction zones became the most widely accepted tectonic environments of ...
... of world ophiolites throughout the 1980s and 1990s demonstrated the significance of subduction zone derived fluids and melting history in development of ophiolitic magmas; forearc, embryonic arc, and back-arc settings in suprasubduction zones became the most widely accepted tectonic environments of ...
STP 3 & 4 2.5S.1 Basic Geologic and Seismic Information
... Rates of deposition were high in the pre-orogenic Ouachita trough (Reference 2.5S.120). As the Ouachita orogenic belt developed, thrusting of the sediments in the forearc basin toward the north and northwest forming the Ouachita Orogen in North America. There is evidence that this tectonic event beg ...
... Rates of deposition were high in the pre-orogenic Ouachita trough (Reference 2.5S.120). As the Ouachita orogenic belt developed, thrusting of the sediments in the forearc basin toward the north and northwest forming the Ouachita Orogen in North America. There is evidence that this tectonic event beg ...
STP 3 & 4 2.5S.1 Basic Geologic and Seismic Information
... Rates of deposition were high in the pre-orogenic Ouachita trough (Reference 2.5S.120). As the Ouachita orogenic belt developed, thrusting of the sediments in the forearc basin toward the north and northwest forming the Ouachita Orogen in North America. There is evidence that this tectonic event beg ...
... Rates of deposition were high in the pre-orogenic Ouachita trough (Reference 2.5S.120). As the Ouachita orogenic belt developed, thrusting of the sediments in the forearc basin toward the north and northwest forming the Ouachita Orogen in North America. There is evidence that this tectonic event beg ...
Tectonostratigraphic Terranes and Tectonic Evolution of Mexico
... the morphotectonic provinces and the modern plate tectonic framework of the region. Next, we present data for 17 terranes that, except for North America, are named after indigenous cultures. Terrane descriptions are based on published and unpublished geophysical and geologic data of all types, utili ...
... the morphotectonic provinces and the modern plate tectonic framework of the region. Next, we present data for 17 terranes that, except for North America, are named after indigenous cultures. Terrane descriptions are based on published and unpublished geophysical and geologic data of all types, utili ...
Three lithospheric transects across the Alps and their forelands
... The completely detached Helvetic cover nappes are also part of the European margin. However, Helvetic nappes in the strict sense (thin-skinned sedimentary fold-and-thrust belt, detached from their former pre-Mesozoic basement) only exist in the Swiss and westernmost Austrian Alps, traversed by trans ...
... The completely detached Helvetic cover nappes are also part of the European margin. However, Helvetic nappes in the strict sense (thin-skinned sedimentary fold-and-thrust belt, detached from their former pre-Mesozoic basement) only exist in the Swiss and westernmost Austrian Alps, traversed by trans ...
Intrusive igneous rocks include granite.
... underlain by ancient folded and faulted sedimentary rocks. The folding and faulting of the sedimentary rocks occurred during a collision between Africa and North America. The collision, which occurred in the late Paleozoic, produced the ...
... underlain by ancient folded and faulted sedimentary rocks. The folding and faulting of the sedimentary rocks occurred during a collision between Africa and North America. The collision, which occurred in the late Paleozoic, produced the ...
Origin of ocean island basalts: A new perspective from petrology
... the conclusion of the test; 20% melting is higher than a mean value of 15% melting beneath present-day ocean ridges [Niu, 1997] but is reasonable given the hotter mantle in the past. Again, different choices of extent of melting do not affect the conclusion of the test. Figure 1 shows that the isoto ...
... the conclusion of the test; 20% melting is higher than a mean value of 15% melting beneath present-day ocean ridges [Niu, 1997] but is reasonable given the hotter mantle in the past. Again, different choices of extent of melting do not affect the conclusion of the test. Figure 1 shows that the isoto ...
Setting Based Classification
... • Occur over a wide range of pressures, including very low • Contact aureole ...
... • Occur over a wide range of pressures, including very low • Contact aureole ...
Yin and yang of continental crust creation and destruction by plate
... by Armstrong 1991), but when the question ‘has continental crust volume increased or decreased with time?’ is addressed thoughtfully, it must be admitted that there is much that is not known. It is clear from truncations of ancient orogenic belts (Dickinson 2009) and the presence of >4.0 Ga zircons ...
... by Armstrong 1991), but when the question ‘has continental crust volume increased or decreased with time?’ is addressed thoughtfully, it must be admitted that there is much that is not known. It is clear from truncations of ancient orogenic belts (Dickinson 2009) and the presence of >4.0 Ga zircons ...
Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits
... VMS deposits are among the oldest ore deposits on Earth, with examples in the Pilbara of Western Australia and the Barberton and Murchison greenstone belts of South Africa that date back to 3.45 billion years (Huston et al., 2010a). As a result, the fossil record of seafloor hydrothermal activity is ...
... VMS deposits are among the oldest ore deposits on Earth, with examples in the Pilbara of Western Australia and the Barberton and Murchison greenstone belts of South Africa that date back to 3.45 billion years (Huston et al., 2010a). As a result, the fossil record of seafloor hydrothermal activity is ...
CPC-2014 - TU Freiberg
... delighted to welcome you to this international meeting at our faculty! We are pleased to welcome colleagues from eleven countries of five continents and we hope that you enjoy the scientific programm and excursion, but also the hospitality in our small mediaeval silvermining town and during the fiel ...
... delighted to welcome you to this international meeting at our faculty! We are pleased to welcome colleagues from eleven countries of five continents and we hope that you enjoy the scientific programm and excursion, but also the hospitality in our small mediaeval silvermining town and during the fiel ...
Geological history of Earth
The geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System.Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow. Some of this object's mass merged with the Earth, significantly altering its internal composition, and a portion was ejected into space. Some of the material survived to form an orbiting moon. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.As the surface continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke apart. They migrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600 to 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart 180 million years ago.The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago, then intensified at the end of the Pliocene. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years. The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about 10,000 years ago.