The Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI)
... connected via the shallow sea over the Sahul Shelf to New Guinea. During ice age glacial advances, when the ocean levels were up to 120 metres (390 ft.) lower, both Asia and Australia were united with what are now islands on their respective continental shelves as continuous land masses, ...
... connected via the shallow sea over the Sahul Shelf to New Guinea. During ice age glacial advances, when the ocean levels were up to 120 metres (390 ft.) lower, both Asia and Australia were united with what are now islands on their respective continental shelves as continuous land masses, ...
Synthesis of Results From the CD-ROM Experiment
... New Mexico (Plate 1) obliquely crosses numerous Phanerozoic tectonic provinces (Southern Rocky Mountains, Rio Grande rift, Great Plains) and orthogonally crosses northeaststriking structures related to Proterozoic assembly of the crust. The oldest tectonic features, formed during assembly of the con ...
... New Mexico (Plate 1) obliquely crosses numerous Phanerozoic tectonic provinces (Southern Rocky Mountains, Rio Grande rift, Great Plains) and orthogonally crosses northeaststriking structures related to Proterozoic assembly of the crust. The oldest tectonic features, formed during assembly of the con ...
Precambrian Rocks of Alaska
... evidence is used to infer a Precambrian age. All known Alaskan Precambrian rocks are of Late Proterozoic age except those constituting the Kilbuck terrane of southwestern Alaska and an area in the Yukon-Tanana upland of eastern Alaska, which are Early Proterozoic, and the schist of the northeastern ...
... evidence is used to infer a Precambrian age. All known Alaskan Precambrian rocks are of Late Proterozoic age except those constituting the Kilbuck terrane of southwestern Alaska and an area in the Yukon-Tanana upland of eastern Alaska, which are Early Proterozoic, and the schist of the northeastern ...
The Guerrero Composite Terrane of western Mexico
... extensional tectonics associated with the breakup of Pangea and the formation of the Gulf of Mexico. The Guerrero Composite Terrane (Campa and Coney, 1983) constitutes approximately one-third of Mexico. As originally described, it is the largest of all the Mexican terranes and probably the second la ...
... extensional tectonics associated with the breakup of Pangea and the formation of the Gulf of Mexico. The Guerrero Composite Terrane (Campa and Coney, 1983) constitutes approximately one-third of Mexico. As originally described, it is the largest of all the Mexican terranes and probably the second la ...
SCIENCE CHINA Magmatism during continental collision
... which were accompanied by large scales of magmatic activity, e.g., post-collisional magmas in the Caledonian Orogen (Atherton et al., 2002, 2006) and in the North Qaidam UHPM belt (Wu et al., 2004, 2014; Wang et al., 2014). The post-orogenic magmatism, on the other hand, can be much later than conti ...
... which were accompanied by large scales of magmatic activity, e.g., post-collisional magmas in the Caledonian Orogen (Atherton et al., 2002, 2006) and in the North Qaidam UHPM belt (Wu et al., 2004, 2014; Wang et al., 2014). The post-orogenic magmatism, on the other hand, can be much later than conti ...
The tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG)
... and high-K granodiorite–granite (GG) rocks. Both types of granitoids were intruded contemporaneously, although TTGs are more abundant in the older gneisses. The TTG suite consists of calcic to marginally calc-alkalic rocks that straddle the boundaries between metaluminous and peraluminous and betwee ...
... and high-K granodiorite–granite (GG) rocks. Both types of granitoids were intruded contemporaneously, although TTGs are more abundant in the older gneisses. The TTG suite consists of calcic to marginally calc-alkalic rocks that straddle the boundaries between metaluminous and peraluminous and betwee ...
Laramide crustal thickening event in the Rocky Mountain Foreland
... cause the Wind River range overthrust may also have dragged and transported ductile lower crust from within the Sevier orogen in the Southwest, and emplaced it under ...
... cause the Wind River range overthrust may also have dragged and transported ductile lower crust from within the Sevier orogen in the Southwest, and emplaced it under ...
FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK ISHAM AND INWOOD PARKS, NYC -
... continued well into this century (for example, in the geologic report on the Newburgh quadrangle, Holzwasser, 1926). Other names that have been applied to the thick terrigenous strata of the lower part of the Tippecanoe Sequence include Normanskill and Martinsburg. A second complication with the ter ...
... continued well into this century (for example, in the geologic report on the Newburgh quadrangle, Holzwasser, 1926). Other names that have been applied to the thick terrigenous strata of the lower part of the Tippecanoe Sequence include Normanskill and Martinsburg. A second complication with the ter ...
The Atlantic Ocean DAVID ARMITAGE* There was a time before
... There was a time before Atlantic history. 200 million years ago, in the early Jurassic, no waters formed either barriers or bridges among what are now the Americas, Europe and Africa. These land-masses formed a single supercontinent of Pangea until tectonic shifts gradually pushed them apart. The mo ...
... There was a time before Atlantic history. 200 million years ago, in the early Jurassic, no waters formed either barriers or bridges among what are now the Americas, Europe and Africa. These land-masses formed a single supercontinent of Pangea until tectonic shifts gradually pushed them apart. The mo ...
The Exposed Passive Margin of North America in Western Cuba
... The Mesozoic successions of western Cuba, now exposed in the Guaniguanico terrane, were deposited to the east of the present NE Yucatan coast. The evolution of these passive margin successions encompasses the syn-rift stage (Early Jurassic?Callovian/early Oxfordian), drift stage (?Callovian/middle O ...
... The Mesozoic successions of western Cuba, now exposed in the Guaniguanico terrane, were deposited to the east of the present NE Yucatan coast. The evolution of these passive margin successions encompasses the syn-rift stage (Early Jurassic?Callovian/early Oxfordian), drift stage (?Callovian/middle O ...
Plate-kinematics and crustal dynamics of circum
... the South American continent, allowing South America to acquire an arcuate, hanging-wall geometry necessary for long-term subduction of the southern part of the Caribbean plate (Pindell et al., 1998). In the eastern portion of the plate-boundary zone, primary structures more closely reflect Caribbea ...
... the South American continent, allowing South America to acquire an arcuate, hanging-wall geometry necessary for long-term subduction of the southern part of the Caribbean plate (Pindell et al., 1998). In the eastern portion of the plate-boundary zone, primary structures more closely reflect Caribbea ...
Spatial, temporal and geochemical evolution of
... granitoids that were emplaced into the RM, SC and ATP, respectively, show similar major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, indicating common mantle melt sources and magmatic evolutionary trends. The isotopic signatures and trace element characteristics of these granitoids indicate th ...
... granitoids that were emplaced into the RM, SC and ATP, respectively, show similar major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, indicating common mantle melt sources and magmatic evolutionary trends. The isotopic signatures and trace element characteristics of these granitoids indicate th ...
1 - Assets - Cambridge - Cambridge University Press
... As mentioned, the rocks that make up Earth’s sedimentary shell are mainly shales, sandstones, and carbonate rocks. Past estimates, by different workers, of the relative proportion of these rock types in the total sedimentary pile have varied significantly. Estimates by Ronov (1983), on the basis of ...
... As mentioned, the rocks that make up Earth’s sedimentary shell are mainly shales, sandstones, and carbonate rocks. Past estimates, by different workers, of the relative proportion of these rock types in the total sedimentary pile have varied significantly. Estimates by Ronov (1983), on the basis of ...
Depleted lithosphere, cold, trapped asthenosphere, and frozen melt
... Recent studies of the upper mantle above the flat slab in central Chile and Argentina indicate the seismic velocity structures in this area are very different from those found in subduction zones with “normal,” steeper slab geometries. The mantle above the horizontal section of the flat slab is char ...
... Recent studies of the upper mantle above the flat slab in central Chile and Argentina indicate the seismic velocity structures in this area are very different from those found in subduction zones with “normal,” steeper slab geometries. The mantle above the horizontal section of the flat slab is char ...
Tectonic history of the Chihuahua trough, Mexico
... Elements of a broad zone of northwesterly-trending lineaments, along the southwest margin of the North American craton, have been recurrently active since Middle Proterozoic time. Stratigraphic and structural data indicate the influence of this zone on Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary and Recent geolog ...
... Elements of a broad zone of northwesterly-trending lineaments, along the southwest margin of the North American craton, have been recurrently active since Middle Proterozoic time. Stratigraphic and structural data indicate the influence of this zone on Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary and Recent geolog ...
Petrogenesis of felsic igneous rocks associated with the
... The Archean-Proterozoic transition at ~2.5–2.4 Ga was marked by worldwide anorogenic magmatism that resulted in the emplacement of layered mafic intrusions, dike swarms, and silicic plutonic rocks, as well as extrusion of volcanic rocks. These early Paleoproterozoic rift-related rocks are found thro ...
... The Archean-Proterozoic transition at ~2.5–2.4 Ga was marked by worldwide anorogenic magmatism that resulted in the emplacement of layered mafic intrusions, dike swarms, and silicic plutonic rocks, as well as extrusion of volcanic rocks. These early Paleoproterozoic rift-related rocks are found thro ...
bureau of geology - Department of Geosciences
... marbles (1) core south-facing synclinorium which is flanked by dark-colored Precambrian basement (2). To the south, Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary and volcanic rocks (3) are interleaved with Mesozoic(?) granitic augen gneiss (4). Note the prominent north-dipping structural fabric of the area. Beyond th ...
... marbles (1) core south-facing synclinorium which is flanked by dark-colored Precambrian basement (2). To the south, Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary and volcanic rocks (3) are interleaved with Mesozoic(?) granitic augen gneiss (4). Note the prominent north-dipping structural fabric of the area. Beyond th ...
Chapter 2
... collision. Deformation styles include compressional folds and thrust faults of the frontal Himalayas, ridge-trench transform (strike-slip) faults (Chaman/Quetta Fault), large-scale strike-slip faults (e.g., Altyn Tagh and Kunlun Fault), and tensile regions like the Shanxi Graben system. The magnitud ...
... collision. Deformation styles include compressional folds and thrust faults of the frontal Himalayas, ridge-trench transform (strike-slip) faults (Chaman/Quetta Fault), large-scale strike-slip faults (e.g., Altyn Tagh and Kunlun Fault), and tensile regions like the Shanxi Graben system. The magnitud ...
Geology of Southern California
... But beneath the surface, the geologic foundation of southern California is even more intriguing than its stunning scenery. The oldest rocks in the region exceed 1.5 billion years in age, and have been affected by numerous cycles of metamorphism and deformation. Elsewhere in the region, recent volcan ...
... But beneath the surface, the geologic foundation of southern California is even more intriguing than its stunning scenery. The oldest rocks in the region exceed 1.5 billion years in age, and have been affected by numerous cycles of metamorphism and deformation. Elsewhere in the region, recent volcan ...
Kinematics of the South Atlantic rift
... Abstract. The South Atlantic rift basin evolved as branch of a large Jurassic-Cretaceous intraplate rift zone between the African and South American plates during the final breakup of western Gondwana. While the relative motions between South America and Africa for post-breakup times are well resolv ...
... Abstract. The South Atlantic rift basin evolved as branch of a large Jurassic-Cretaceous intraplate rift zone between the African and South American plates during the final breakup of western Gondwana. While the relative motions between South America and Africa for post-breakup times are well resolv ...
Ophiolites and Their Origins
... and upper mantle that were tectonically emplaced into island arc magmatism. This was a revolutionary but controcontinental margins. They display the only evidence for versial development in the ophiolite concept and led to the magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes associdefi nition of supra ...
... and upper mantle that were tectonically emplaced into island arc magmatism. This was a revolutionary but controcontinental margins. They display the only evidence for versial development in the ophiolite concept and led to the magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes associdefi nition of supra ...
Continental Growth and Recycling in Convergent Orogens with
... This paper summarizes the architecture of continental crustal formed by accretion of turbidite sequences using three examples. Controls on turbidite fan deformation and accretion include the plate tectonic setting, the tectonic position (either on the overriding plate or subducting plate), the degre ...
... This paper summarizes the architecture of continental crustal formed by accretion of turbidite sequences using three examples. Controls on turbidite fan deformation and accretion include the plate tectonic setting, the tectonic position (either on the overriding plate or subducting plate), the degre ...
Mineral Resources in the Eastern Alps and Adjoining Areas
... The geology of Austria mainly comprises parts of the Variscan Bohemian Massif in the north, as a part of the Paleozoic Central European Variscan orogen and domains of the younger Cretaceous to Tertiary Alpine orogen in the south (Eastern and Southern Alps). Together with the Western Carpathians and ...
... The geology of Austria mainly comprises parts of the Variscan Bohemian Massif in the north, as a part of the Paleozoic Central European Variscan orogen and domains of the younger Cretaceous to Tertiary Alpine orogen in the south (Eastern and Southern Alps). Together with the Western Carpathians and ...
VOLCANIC-HOSTED MASSIVE SULPHIDE DEPOSITS
... Quartz-Crystal Tuff, Jacks Pond, Tulks Hill Volcanics ...
... Quartz-Crystal Tuff, Jacks Pond, Tulks Hill Volcanics ...
Geology and Geomorphology of the European Alps
... snowline. The relatively flat areas are remnants from the Tertiary, which developed under tropical to subtropical climates during periods of slight tectonic activity. Up to the Miocene, the Alps appeared as an undulating planation surface with inselbergs. This planation ceased due to the strong upli ...
... snowline. The relatively flat areas are remnants from the Tertiary, which developed under tropical to subtropical climates during periods of slight tectonic activity. Up to the Miocene, the Alps appeared as an undulating planation surface with inselbergs. This planation ceased due to the strong upli ...
Geological history of Earth
The geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System.Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow. Some of this object's mass merged with the Earth, significantly altering its internal composition, and a portion was ejected into space. Some of the material survived to form an orbiting moon. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.As the surface continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke apart. They migrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600 to 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart 180 million years ago.The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago, then intensified at the end of the Pliocene. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years. The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about 10,000 years ago.