Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets - U
... • dramatic improvements in computational power that have made possible the construction of realistic numerical models of mantle convection in three-dimensional spherical geometry; • spacecraft missions to Venus (Magellan), the Moon (Clementine and Lunar Prospector), Mars (Mars Global Surveyor), and ...
... • dramatic improvements in computational power that have made possible the construction of realistic numerical models of mantle convection in three-dimensional spherical geometry; • spacecraft missions to Venus (Magellan), the Moon (Clementine and Lunar Prospector), Mars (Mars Global Surveyor), and ...
Petrogenetic evolution of Uralian-Alaskan-type mafic
... related to extensional tectonics along the edge of the east European Craton have been postulated as geological setting. The aim of the PhD thesis at hand is to constrain the petrogenetic evolution of three Uralian-Alaskan-type complexes. Based on the detailed analysis of variations in major and trac ...
... related to extensional tectonics along the edge of the east European Craton have been postulated as geological setting. The aim of the PhD thesis at hand is to constrain the petrogenetic evolution of three Uralian-Alaskan-type complexes. Based on the detailed analysis of variations in major and trac ...
PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE WILDCAT GULCH
... lithologic character, ascertain their origin, or place them within the regional geology of central Colorado. These syenitoid intrusions may be related to the igneous rocks of the ~1700 Ma Routt Plutonic Suite that formed during the Colorado orogeny that included episodes of arc collision and accreti ...
... lithologic character, ascertain their origin, or place them within the regional geology of central Colorado. These syenitoid intrusions may be related to the igneous rocks of the ~1700 Ma Routt Plutonic Suite that formed during the Colorado orogeny that included episodes of arc collision and accreti ...
Accuracy of plagioclase compositions from laboratory and Mars
... Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. ...
... Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. ...
Ophiolite concept and its evolution
... in Earth’s history, have been instrumental in the formulation, testing, and establishment of hypotheses and theories in earth sciences. Ophiolite studies have brought together diverse groups of international scientists on a regular basis far more than any other topic in geology, and the questions an ...
... in Earth’s history, have been instrumental in the formulation, testing, and establishment of hypotheses and theories in earth sciences. Ophiolite studies have brought together diverse groups of international scientists on a regular basis far more than any other topic in geology, and the questions an ...
BGS Report, single column layout
... This report provides a comprehensive review of the lithostratigraphy of the Ordovician and Silurian sedimentary, excluding volcaniclastic, strata within the Lake District Lower Palaeozoic Inlier, the nearby northern England inliers of Cross Fell, Cautley and Dent, Craven and Teesdale, and the Isle o ...
... This report provides a comprehensive review of the lithostratigraphy of the Ordovician and Silurian sedimentary, excluding volcaniclastic, strata within the Lake District Lower Palaeozoic Inlier, the nearby northern England inliers of Cross Fell, Cautley and Dent, Craven and Teesdale, and the Isle o ...
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND Special Paper 48 2008 GTK
... Mozambique 2002–2007, comprising geological mapping, mineral resources assessment, geochemical and industrial mineral surveys, GIS map production, data management and comprehensive reporting. The work was carried out within three project components: Geological Mapping LOT 2 and LOT 3, and Geochemica ...
... Mozambique 2002–2007, comprising geological mapping, mineral resources assessment, geochemical and industrial mineral surveys, GIS map production, data management and comprehensive reporting. The work was carried out within three project components: Geological Mapping LOT 2 and LOT 3, and Geochemica ...
Polarized plate tectonics
... are in dynamic equilibrium (Forsyth and Uyeda, 1975). At present, the solid Earth can be considered in energetic equilibrium: there is no statistically meaningful difference between the total of income and expenditure energy rates (Riguzzi et al. 2010). This circumstance allows for relatively small ...
... are in dynamic equilibrium (Forsyth and Uyeda, 1975). At present, the solid Earth can be considered in energetic equilibrium: there is no statistically meaningful difference between the total of income and expenditure energy rates (Riguzzi et al. 2010). This circumstance allows for relatively small ...
Characterizing the hypersiliceous rocks of Belgium used in (pre
... property was used to highlight the cement, especially when it is composed of chalcedony. Optical cathodoluminescence microscopy was executed partly at the University of Mons with a CITL Mk5 CL unit fitted on a Zeiss Universal-R microscope (15 KeV–500 μA). Attached to this microscope was an optical s ...
... property was used to highlight the cement, especially when it is composed of chalcedony. Optical cathodoluminescence microscopy was executed partly at the University of Mons with a CITL Mk5 CL unit fitted on a Zeiss Universal-R microscope (15 KeV–500 μA). Attached to this microscope was an optical s ...
The Upper Mantle Geoid: Implications for Continental Structure and
... We use the fact that geoid anomalies are directly related to the local dipole moment of the densitydepth distribution to help constrain density variations within the lithosphere and the associated tectonic stresses. The main challenge with this approach is isolating the upper mantle geoid contributi ...
... We use the fact that geoid anomalies are directly related to the local dipole moment of the densitydepth distribution to help constrain density variations within the lithosphere and the associated tectonic stresses. The main challenge with this approach is isolating the upper mantle geoid contributi ...
Geophysical and Petrological Constraints on Ocean Plate Dynamics
... Without a doubt, I need to thank my family and my friends who are so close I call them family. I know my parents would be insanely proud of me. If it were not for my mother noticing my odd attachment to rocks as a child, I would not be getting my PhD in geology today. Even though he never understood ...
... Without a doubt, I need to thank my family and my friends who are so close I call them family. I know my parents would be insanely proud of me. If it were not for my mother noticing my odd attachment to rocks as a child, I would not be getting my PhD in geology today. Even though he never understood ...
Volledig proefschrift
... During its 4.6 billion year history, the Earth has shown continuous activity to loose its heat. The heat budget of the Earth determines the vigor of mantle convection, the amount of mantle plume activity, and the type of the tectonic regime. The main heat sources in this system are primordial heat, ...
... During its 4.6 billion year history, the Earth has shown continuous activity to loose its heat. The heat budget of the Earth determines the vigor of mantle convection, the amount of mantle plume activity, and the type of the tectonic regime. The main heat sources in this system are primordial heat, ...
subduction zones
... lithosphere thickness and the depth of the seafloor varies as a simple function of age [Stein and Stein, 1996]. Age of the lithosphere also exerts the first-order control on trench depth [Grellet and Dubois, 1982]. Globally, the mean age of the seafloor when it arrives at a trench is ⬃100 Ma [Parson ...
... lithosphere thickness and the depth of the seafloor varies as a simple function of age [Stein and Stein, 1996]. Age of the lithosphere also exerts the first-order control on trench depth [Grellet and Dubois, 1982]. Globally, the mean age of the seafloor when it arrives at a trench is ⬃100 Ma [Parson ...
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... lithosphere thickness and the depth of the seafloor varies as a simple function of age [Stein and Stein, 1996]. Age of the lithosphere also exerts the first-order control on trench depth [Grellet and Dubois, 1982]. Globally, the mean age of the seafloor when it arrives at a trench is ⬃100 Ma [Parson ...
... lithosphere thickness and the depth of the seafloor varies as a simple function of age [Stein and Stein, 1996]. Age of the lithosphere also exerts the first-order control on trench depth [Grellet and Dubois, 1982]. Globally, the mean age of the seafloor when it arrives at a trench is ⬃100 Ma [Parson ...
On subducting slab entrainment of buoyant asthenosphere
... We first discuss several numerical experiments that explore the entrainment surrounding a subducting slab. The key question we are interested in is how much asthenospheric material is downdragged by subducting slabs. Focusing on the effects of subduction processes, we also exclude mantle plumes as par ...
... We first discuss several numerical experiments that explore the entrainment surrounding a subducting slab. The key question we are interested in is how much asthenospheric material is downdragged by subducting slabs. Focusing on the effects of subduction processes, we also exclude mantle plumes as par ...
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... reported major element compositions for the Ueno Basalts. The SiO2 contents range from 47 to 54 wt %. All the Ueno Basalts are classified as basalt or basaltic andesite using TAS (total alkali–silica) criteria (Le Maitre et al., 1989). Further classification of the basalts was also made based on alk ...
... reported major element compositions for the Ueno Basalts. The SiO2 contents range from 47 to 54 wt %. All the Ueno Basalts are classified as basalt or basaltic andesite using TAS (total alkali–silica) criteria (Le Maitre et al., 1989). Further classification of the basalts was also made based on alk ...
Practice mdtrm
... 80. The smallest part of an element that still retains the element’s properties is a(n) ____________________. 81. A(n) ____________________ is an electrically neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. 82. A(n) ____________________ is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter t ...
... 80. The smallest part of an element that still retains the element’s properties is a(n) ____________________. 81. A(n) ____________________ is an electrically neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. 82. A(n) ____________________ is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter t ...
Workshop Report - Consortium for Ocean Leadership
... processes of mantle melting, melt aggregation and transport have undergone large advances with the integration of mantle geochemistry and rock physics. There was considerable discussion of the origin and consequences of focused viscous deformation along mantle shear zones, with application to meltin ...
... processes of mantle melting, melt aggregation and transport have undergone large advances with the integration of mantle geochemistry and rock physics. There was considerable discussion of the origin and consequences of focused viscous deformation along mantle shear zones, with application to meltin ...
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, and Perisphere
... Ironically, the LVZ is most pronounced under hotspots and continental rifts, regions that provide trace element enriched basalts. The concept of a depleted the base of the elastic, or strong,lithosphereis closer asthenosphere is now firmly embedded in the to 550ø-600øC [De Rito et al., 1986; McNutt, ...
... Ironically, the LVZ is most pronounced under hotspots and continental rifts, regions that provide trace element enriched basalts. The concept of a depleted the base of the elastic, or strong,lithosphereis closer asthenosphere is now firmly embedded in the to 550ø-600øC [De Rito et al., 1986; McNutt, ...
Near-Ultrahigh Pressure Processing of Continental Crust: Miocene
... presence of rutile and zircon, respectively, which were not dissolved in the ICP-MS preparation. For this reason, Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf determined by ICP-MS are not reported. Agreement in Y measured by both techniques demonstrates that the undissolved zircon had <5% effect on the heavy rare earth e ...
... presence of rutile and zircon, respectively, which were not dissolved in the ICP-MS preparation. For this reason, Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf determined by ICP-MS are not reported. Agreement in Y measured by both techniques demonstrates that the undissolved zircon had <5% effect on the heavy rare earth e ...
here - Lehigh University
... this paper was previously published only electronically on ScienceDirect), p. 39-86. Grove, M., Bebout, G. E., Jacobson, C. E., Barth, A. P., Kimbrough, D. L., King, R. L., Zou, H., Lovera, O. M., Mahoney, B. J., Gehrels, G. E., 2008, The Catalina Schist: evidence for mid-Cretaceous subduction erosi ...
... this paper was previously published only electronically on ScienceDirect), p. 39-86. Grove, M., Bebout, G. E., Jacobson, C. E., Barth, A. P., Kimbrough, D. L., King, R. L., Zou, H., Lovera, O. M., Mahoney, B. J., Gehrels, G. E., 2008, The Catalina Schist: evidence for mid-Cretaceous subduction erosi ...
Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.