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Chapter 17 By:Cody Crawford Ch17-2 Finding Order In Diverse FJ • Classification system identifies object and gathers them into groups whose members are similar to one another Taxonomy • The science of naming organisms • Current system was established by Linnaeus in the 18th century • Two names (genus & species) * AKA Binomial Nomenclature EX) house cat, felis domesticus Classification Groups • • • • • • • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Ch17-3 Bacteria- The First Organisms • All bacteria are prokaryotes • Have a cell membrane that is surrounded by a cell wall • Their genetic material is contained on a single strand or circular DNA that is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope • Lack organelles & a nucleus Eubacteric • “true bacteria” • Thick rigid cell wall made up of the carbohydrate peptidoglycan • Some live in soil where others can live in your gut Archaebacteric • “ancient bacteria” • Live in the most extreme conditions EX) hot springs & salty lakes • Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan How Do Bacteria Reproduce • Simple reproduction (asexual) • Binary fission- division of a cell into two daughter cells • Most bacteria reproduce by this means • Conjugation- simple form of sexual reproduction ex. e. coli • Transformation- is the ability to pick up bits and pieces of DNA from other bacteria EX) streptococcus pneumoniae
