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Bacteria
Life Science
What type of cell are bacteria?
• Prokaryotic
– No Nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
What are the two groups of
bacteria?
• Eubacteria
– “Good” or “true” bacteria.
– Live Everywhere
– Cell wall with peptidoglycan
• Archaebacteria
– “Old” bacteria
– Live in Extreme Environments (hot springs, high salt
concentrations, etc)
– Cell wall without peptidoglycan
What are the 8 basic parts of a
bacteria?
• Nuclear Material (DNA)
– NO NUCLEUS!!!!
•
•
•
•
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Capsule
Cell wall
– with and without peptidoglycan
– Gram positive and gram negative (only Eubacteria)
• Cell(plasma) membrane
• Pilus
• Flagella
What are the three basic shapes of
bacteria?
• Cocci – round shape
– Streptococcus
• Bacilli – rod shape
– Clostridium botulinum
• Spirillum – spiral shaped
– Spirillum volutans
How bacteria arrange
themselves?
• Type of arrangement+type of bacteria= how they
hangout
• Arrangement
– Diplo= in pairs
– Strepto= in a chain
– Staphylo= in clusters
– Example: Diplobacillus= rod shaped in
pairs
– Streptococcus= circular shape in chains
– Staphylobaccillus= rod shape clusters
Arrangement
• Streptococcus – Chain, round
Arrangement
• Streptobacillus – Chains, rod
Arrangement
• Dicoccus – Two, round
Arrangement
• Staphlococcus – Clusters, round
What is a flagella?
Use for locomotion
What ways do they move?
• Flagella
• Long whip-like
tail (shown)
• Slime
• Slime layer used
to slide
• Spiral Movement
• Spiral twisting
• No Movement
What two ways do bacteria
reproduce?
• Asexual
– Binary Fission
• Identical Cells
• Sexual (pseudo)
– Conjugation then
binary fission
• New Genetically Different Cells
How do bacteria obtain food?
• Autotrophic
– Make it themselves with the help of light or inorganic
matter and chemicals
• Heterotrophic
– Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter (organic
matter).
• Decomposer
The skeletal remains of large whales are home to a unique genus of gutless polychaete worms
called Osedax. These worms harbor heterotrophic bacteria that degrade lipids in whale bones
to provide their host with nutrition.
Do bacteria need oxygen?
• Yes
– Some need oxygen to help break down food.
• No
– Some cannot use oxygen and it is like poison
to them and kills the bacteria.
Can bacteria protect themselves?
• Yes!
• Endospore
– A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell
– It contains the cell’s genetic material and
some of its cytoplasm.
– It can resist freezing, heating, and drying, they
can survive for many years
What good do bacteria do for the
planet?
• Fuel
– Some Archaebacteria produces methane (landfills)
• Food
– Bacteria assist in making food such as yogurt,
pickles, cheese, apple cider.
• Recycling
– Breaking down dead and decaying matter
(decomposer).
– Some bacteria are used to clean up oil spills.
• Symbiotic Relationships
– E. Coli producing Vitamin K in Human Intestines
– Cow gut- to break down grass
Microbial Friends
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Turns milk into
yogurt
Streptomyces
Makes
streptomycin,
an antibiotic
Escherichia coli
Aids in food
digestion
What are some bad things bacteria
do on the planet?
• Spoil food
• Cause Disease
– Food Poisoning
– Tetanus
– Lyme Disease
– Strep Throat
– Tuberculosis (TB)
• Producing toxins that harm living things.
How can you treat and prevent
bacterial diseases?
• Antibiotics
– A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their
growth without harming the body cells of
humans
• Vaccines
– A substance used in a vaccination that
consists of pathogens that have been
weakened or killed but can still trigger the
immune system into action.