Download Bacteria - smsk

Chapter 7
 1.
spherical –
cocci (singular
coccus)
 2. rod shaped –
bacilli (singular
bacillus)
 3. spiral – spirilla
(singular spirillum)
 Cytoplasm
 Cell
membrane
 cell wall
 1 circular
chromosome
 Plasmid (smaller
piece of DNA)
 ribosomes
 capsule
– thick
sticky gel –like layer
around outside of
cell wall
 Protects bacteria
from destruction by
other cells
 Help it to stick to
surfaces
 Slime layer – helps
bacteria to stick to
surfaces

Reduces water loss
 Flagella
– help
them to move
 Found
everywhere
on earth
 Smaller than plant
and animal cells
 One-celled
organism
 Grow alone or in
groups or chains
 Sexual
reproduction –
conjugation

Requires a joining of
cells to exchange
genetic material

Draw this diagram
 Asexual
- binary
fission

Splitting in two
 Producers
 Autotrophs
 Make
own food –
contain chlorophyll



Consumers – eat other
organisms
Heterotrophs
Consumers –


Parasites


Decompose dead or
decaying matter
Live off living organisms
and absorb nutrition from
hosts.
E. coli
 Aerobic
– bacteria
that need oxygen
to live
 Anaerobic
–
bacteria that do
not need oxygen
to live
 Found
in extreme
conditions
 Salty - halophites
 Boiling hotthermophites
 acidic
 Methane producers
Muddy swamps
 Intestines of cattle
 Us

 Pneumonia
bacteria
 Eubacteria
cyanobacteria –
blue green bacteria
Make own food
 O2 waste
 Red, black, or yellow

 Importance;
Make Oxygen for
organisms that live in
water
 Used as food source

Eubacteria
 Autotrophs
 Cyano – blue/green
bacteria

- yellow, red
and black
 Single celled
 Colonies – chains or
filaments
 Reproduce – fission
 Used as food by fish

 Disadvantages:



Bloom – mat of
bubbly green slime
on water
Resources used up
and bacterial die
Consumer bacteria
feed on it and use
up oxygen.
Organisms that live
in water die
Gloeocapsa
Anabaena
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Page 191
Numbers;
1,2,3,5,6
On loose leaf to
be handed in
 Beneficial




bacteria
Saprophyte – organism that uses dead material
as food and energy
Digest dead organisms
Recycle nutrients
Used to make cheese, sauerkraut,
vinegar,medications


Beneficial bacteria
Nodules – found on plants
that contain nitrogen
fixing bacteria







- legumes
Ex. Peanuts, peas, soybeans
Take nitrogen from air for
plants to use
In return plant gives
bacteria sugar.
Helps fertilize soil
Helps other organisms to
produce protein
Mutualism – organisms help
each other to live
 Pathogen
– any organism that produces
disease
 Ex: anthrax in cattle
 Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough
 Antibiotic – substance produced by one
organism that inhibits or kills another
organism

Ex. Penicillin, prevents bacteria from making
cell walls. W/o cannot survive
-
-
Made from damaged particles from bacteria’s
cell walls, or killed or weakened bacteria
cells.
When injected the white blood cells
recognize that bacteria and attack it.
Produced by pathogens
 Poisons
 Ex. Botulism – food
poisoning

- can
cause paralysis and

death
 Clostridium botulumum
Endospores – thick
walled structure around
bacteria to protect
them from heat or
dryness

- can exist
for years until right
conditions for growth

- some
anaerobic and grow in
cans








1. Copy of chromosome
2. Cell membrane pinches
off copy
3. Mother cell swallows
daughter cell. Now, two
membranes layers
surround daughter cell
4. Thick wall/spore coat
is made
5. Tough outer coating
made
6. Mother cell withers
away.
7. Spore made.
 Process
of heating food to a temperature
that kills harmful bacteria
 Page

191
 A.
Draw and label
this bacterial cell.
Self Check
1,2,3,4,5
2

Applying Math
3
1
4
5
Page 205
Applying Math
29 and 30

6
7
B
What shape bacteria?