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Transcript
Cellular Respiration What is Cellular Respiration? • When organisms release the _______ energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules such as glucose and other sugars made in photosynthesis. • The type of energy released is • ATP powers all work within cells. ATP Glucose Fructose Sucrose: A disaccharide Monosaccharides . Aerobic Respiration 1. Requires Oxygen 2. Many ATP molecules are made by the mitochondria from the glucose. Label the parts of the mitochondrion Intermembrane space 3 Steps to Cellular Respiration Breaking the bonds of Glucose for ATP 1. Glycolysis: • Occurs in the cytoplasm • No O2 required • 2 ATP made 2. Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle: • Occurs in the matrix • CO2 gas is released here • 2 ATP made 3. Electron Transport Chain • Occurs in the folds of the inner membrane (crista) • Uses O2 and about 32 ATP and water is made. Breaking the First Bond of Glucose: Glycolysis “Glyco” “lysis” literally means “sugar” “splitting” Anytime bonds break, energy carriers can capture some of that energy. + P NADH NAD NADH NADP+ NADH = +2 When bonds break, ATP can be made from that energy Just observe what happens next…. ATP = +2 P ATP ADP These smaller sugar molecules ATP P ADP made from glycolysis are called Pyruvate The Krebs Cycle takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondrion, where more bonds are broken. NADH NAD+ NADH NAD+ Food for thought… what gas am I? The CO2 that gets exhaled The Krebs Cycle takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondrion, where more bonds are broken. Citric Acid The Krebs Cycle takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondrion, where more bonds are broken. NADH NAD+ The Krebs Cycle takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondrion, where more bonds are broken. NADH NAD+ The Krebs Cycle takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondrion, where more bonds are broken. ATP ADP NADH NAD+ P The Krebs Cycle takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondrion, where more bonds are broken. FADH FADH2 What is gained per glucose molecule during the Krebs Cycle? Energy Carriers • What But there were kind of two NADH = +4 +8 molecules pyruvate waste wasofmade that entered in the Krebsthe Krebs Cycle… FADH2 = +2 +1 cycle? ATP = +1 +2 • How many would actually be produced in this case? 6 CO2 gas! • What They power Transport Chain arethe theElectron energy carriers that make a lot of ATP! NADH and FADH2 for? Inside the mitochondrion. Many ATP molecules will be produced in these Folds of the inner membrane Electron Transport Chains known as cristae. Where is the Electron Transport Chain? During this process, oxygen gas is used, LOTS of ATP is made, and water is created. ATP NADH ATP ATP 6 O2 FADH2 FADH2 FADH2 ATP ATP NADH NADH and FADH2 Electron Transport Chain 2 ATP 2 ATP 34 ATP Cellular Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP (Glucose) Light Reactions Photosynthesis and Respiration • With a neighbor, fill in the steps in this cycle of Photosynthesis and Respiration. • We will check your answers when you are done! Fermentation: Anaerobic Respiration 1. Occurs when there is not enough oxygen to sustain an activity, so ATP cannot be made in the mitochondria. 2. Two basic types: a. Lactic Acid Fermentation (in animals) b. Alcohol Fermentation (in micro-organisms such as yeast) 3. Fermentation keeps glycolysis going, so at least 2 ATPs can still be made, until oxygen levels are restored. Glycolysis